Adaptation and Validation of QUick, Easy, New, CHEap, and Reproducible (QUENCHER) Antioxidant Capacity Assays in Model Products Obtained from Residual Wine Pomace

Evaluation of the total antioxidant capacity of solid matrices without extraction steps is a very interesting alternative for food researchers and also for food industries. These methodologies have been denominated QUENCHER from QUick, Easy, New, CHEap, and Reproducible assays. To demonstrate and highlight the validity of QUENCHER (Q) methods, values of Q-method validation were showed for the first time, and they were tested with products of well-known different chemical properties. Furthermore, new QUENCHER assays to measure scavenging capacity against superoxide, hydroxyl, and lipid peroxyl radicals were developed. Calibration models showed good linearity (R2 > 0.995), proportionality and precision (CV < 6.5%), and acceptable detection limits (<20.4 nmol Trolox equiv). The presence of ethanol in the reaction medium gave antioxidant capacity values significantly different from those obtained with water. The dilution of samples with powdered cellulose was discouraged because possible interferences with some of the matrices analyzed may take place.The autonomous government of Castilla y León (Project BU268A11-2

Biotechnology and animal nutrition

To fulfill increased world food demand and to overcome the consequences related to natural and industrial changes, scientists have been trying to select and improve both feedstuff and livestock, genetically. Biotechnology, also involving chemical and physical techniques, is applied to nutrition to increase the abundance (availability) of feed and to improve the digestibility of nutrients in those feeds. Additionally, animal nutrition studies are conducted to determine the safety of human food and modeling of some human diseases. Manipulating animal ability to absorb and utilize more nutrients starts from the plant breeders and continues until where those nutrients are utilized in the body. Microorganisms that have symbiotic life with livestock organism are transgenically manipulated to improve nutrition. Adding new genes to feedstuff gives nutritionists more applicational tools for improving nutrition and animal health through feeds. In contrast, application of recombinant DNA technology to farm animals needs more effort and may result in uncontrollable consequences. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015

Influence of inclusion of groudnut meal on performance of growing quails

WOS: 000221579200035Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is an oilseed basically grown for human consumption. After oil extraction, groundnut or peanut meal contains 25-50% crude protein (CP). Although palatability of the meal is good, CP digestibility-is less due to deficiency of methionine, lysine and tryptophan which affect digestion, intake and performance (Pond et al. 1995; Costa et al. 2001). Previous studies indicated that peanut meal (PNM) could be used in livestock and poultry rations (El-Boushy and Raterink, 1989; Biel and Baker, 1997; Bayram and Akinci 2001). The purpose of this study is to evaluate PNM addition to the quail rations on growth and performance

Prevalence of mold growth and aflatoxin M-1 in Kashar and white cheese produced in Western Turkey

WOS: 000185529900011To evaluate mold growth and aflatoxin M-1 problem in Turkish cheese, a total of 46 commercial samples of the two cheese types were examined with agar plate incubation and ELISA methods. Mean mold growth exceeded maximum tolerable limits (1x10(2) cfu/g) in both groups of cheese (1x10(4) and 2x10(4) cfu/g in Turkish white cheese and Kashar cheese, respectively), although there were no significant differences between cheese types (p=0.34). Kashar cheese samples were highly contaminated with fungi. Total concentrations of aflatoxin M-1 in white and Kashar cheese (0.0998 and 0.1931 ppb, respectively) were lower than maximum tolerable limits (0.5 ppb). However, aflatoxin M-1 concentration of Kashar cheese in 2 out of 13 samples exceeded the maximum tolerable limits. Results indicated that cheese plants should be sanitised properly to avoid fungal contamination and milk should be evaluated for aflatoxin M-1 before it is used for making cheese

The effects of supplemental niacin in laying hen diet on performance and egg quality characteristics

WOS: 000183981300007This study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary niacin (0, 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg ration) on layer performance. A total of 120 commercial hens (28 weeks of age) were divided in five groups, each containing 24 hens. Feeding period lasted 13 weeks. Hens were fed in groups, with adlibitum access to feed and water. Egg production, feed conversion, egg breaking strength and shell thickness were significantly (P < 0.05) increased, by the treatments. In addition some interior egg quality parameters were affected positively with increased niacin level in the diet (P < 0.05). It was concluded that niacin in the diet may have a positive role in layer performance

Prevalence of mold growth and aflatoxin M1 in Kashar and white cheese produced in Western Turkey

To evaluate mold growth and aflatoxin M1 problem in Turkish cheese, a total of 46 commercial samples of the two cheese types were examined with agar plate incubation and ELISA methods. Mean mold growth exceeded maximum tolerable limits (1×102 cfu/g) in both groups of cheese (1×104 and 2×104 cfu/g in Turkish white cheese and Kashar cheese, respectively), although there were no significant differences between cheese types (p=0.34). Kashar cheese samples were highly contaminated with fungi. Total concentrations of aflatoxin M1 in white and Kashar cheese (0.0998 and 0.1931 ppb, respectively) were lower than maximum tolerable limits (0.5 ppb). However, aflatoxin M1 concentration of Kashar cheese in 2 out of 13 samples exceeded the maximum tolerable limits. Results indicated that cheese plants should be sanitised properly to avoid fungal contamination and milk should be evaluated for aflatoxin M1 before it is used for making cheese

Fungi and aflatoxin B-1 in horse and dog feeds in Western Turkey

Filazi, Ayhan/0000-0002-2800-6215WOS: 000223398200002To evaluate fungi growth and aflatoxin B, contamination in horse and dog feeds, total of 41 feed samples were examined with agar plate incubation and ELISA methods. Fungi growth of the horse feed was not exceeding maximum tolerable limits (0.97 x 10(4) CFU/g). Although dog foods should not contain any fungi contamination, slightly less than half of the tested dog foods had fungi growth. Both feeds had aflatoxin B, content in allowable limits (10 mug/kg.), however, dog foods contain significantly higher aflatoxin B I content than horse feeds do (P less than or equal to 0.05) (6.69 mug/kg and 1.98 mug/kg, respectively). Fungi growth and aflatoxin B I content did not correlate in either group of feeds (r(2) = 0.09 and r(2) = 0.30, respectively). Surveilance of both fungi growth and aflatoxin contents of both types of feeds are necessary for the health of the animals

Fungi and aflatoxin B1 in horse and dog feeds in Western Turkey

To evaluate fungi growth and aflatoxin B1 contamination in horse and dog feeds, total of 41 feed samples were examined with agar plate incubation and ELISA methods. Fungi growth of the horse feed was not exceeding maximum tolerable limits (0.97 × 104 CFU/g). Although dog foods should not contain any fungi contamination, slightly less than half of the tested dog foods had fungi growth. Both feeds had aflatoxin B1 content in allowable limits (10 ?g/kg.), however, dog foods contain significantly higher aflatoxin B1 content than horse feeds do (P &lt; 0.05) (6.69 ?g/kg and 1.98 ?g/kg, respectively). Fungi growth and aflatoxin B1 content did not correlate in either group of feeds (r2 = 0.09 and r2 = 0.30, respectively). Surveilance of both fungi growth and aflatoxin contents of both types of feeds are necessary for the health of the animals

Polioencephalomalacia in cattle: A consequence of prolonged feeding barley malt sprouts

WOS: 000235893300003PubMed: 16533327Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) in ruminants has been recognized as a consequence of excess sulphur intake. The present study describes clinical, gross and histopathological findings of PEM following an abrupt change of diet in two ranches housing 2750 dairy and 2300 beef cattle. As a result of severe PEM, 256 cattle died or were slaughtered. Clinical findings included circling, hypersensitivity, excessive salivation, hypermetria, incoordination, blindness and death. The first clinical signs occurred in beef calves (6-8 months old) at a holding facility. Clinical signs of the disorder continued intermittently during the 5-month period in both ranches and were more evident in calves and lactating dairy cows. The affected cattle did not respond to thiamine injections. Clinical signs disappeared gradually following removal of barley malt sprouts from the diet. Although macroscopic lesions were not apparent in the brain tissues of some animals, histopathology typical of PEM was found in most cases: spongiosis in the neuropil and neuronal necrosis, haemorrhage, capillary hyperplasia, fibrinoid degeneration in arterioles, multifocal liquefaction necroses in the grey matter and abundance of gitter cells with vacuolar large cytoplasm. Sulphide in rumen fluid of a clinically affected animal was measured as 1.55 mg/dl, which is considerably higher than that collected from two control cows (mean 0.21 mg/dl). The total sulphur content of the diet containing barley malt sprouts was estimated to be 0.45%, which is also higher than the National Research Council (NRC) maximum tolerable levels. In conclusion, PEM can result from excess barley malt sprout intake because of its higher sulphur content. Clinical signs may occur shortly after the intake of barley malt sprout as outbreaks with a higher number of deaths or as an ongoing periodic condition

Nutrient content and in vitro digestibility of Turkish grape pomaces

WOS: 000296118400006During harvest of grapes for wine production in Turkey, a total of 28 fresh grape pomace samples from white and red wine grape varieties were collected from wine production facilities. Samples were classified by grape color and the pomace from red grapes was separated manually into stalk, skin plus pulp and seed fractions. Nutrient contents were determined for total samples and for fractions. Assays included dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and ash. To estimate ruminal digestion, in vitro disappearance of DM and NDF were determined using ruminal fluid collected at a local slaughterhouse. Color of grape altered (P<0.05) DM, CP, NDF and ADF content of the grape pomace. Although in vitro disappearance of DM and NDF at 48 h was similar for pomace from both white and red grapes, DM disappearance was higher at short incubation times for pomace from red grapes. Nutrient content generally differed among the fractions of pomace assayed, and in vitro disappearance of DM at 48 h was higher for skin plus pulp and for seed than for the stalk fraction of the pomace. Fresh grape pomace, particularly pomace from red grapes rich in skin and seed, should be a suitable feed for ruminants and to nonruminants with extensive cecal fermentation. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Kirikkale UniversityKirikkale UniversityThis experiment was funded by Kirikkale University Scientific Projects Fund