79 research outputs found
The Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation for ferrimagnetic materials
We derive the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch (LLB) equation for a two-component
magnetic system valid up to the Curie temperature. As an example, we consider
disordered GdFeCo ferrimagnet where the ultrafast optically induced
magnetization switching under the action of heat alone has been recently
reported. The two-component LLB equation contains the longitudinal relaxation
terms responding to the exchange fields from the proper and the neighboring
sublattices. We show that the sign of the longitudinal relaxation rate at high
temperatures can change depending on the dynamical magnetization value and a
dynamical polarisation of one material by another can occur. We discuss the
differences between the LLB and the Baryakhtar equation, recently used to
explain the ultrafast switching in ferrimagnets. The two-component LLB equation
forms basis for the largescale micromagnetic modeling of nanostructures at high
temperatures and ultrashort timescales
Spin-flop transition in uniaxial antiferromagnets: magnetic phases, reorientation effects, multidomain states
The classical spin-flop is the field-driven first-order reorientation
transition in easy-axis antiferromagnets. A comprehensive phenomenological
theory of easy-axis antiferromagnets displaying spin-flops is developed. It is
shown how the hierarchy of magnetic coupling strengths in these
antiferromagnets causes a strongly pronounced two-scale character in their
magnetic phase structure. In contrast to the major part of the magnetic phase
diagram, these antiferromagnets near the spin-flop region are described by an
effective model akin to uniaxial ferromagnets. For a consistent theoretical
description both higher-order anisotropy contributions and dipolar stray-fields
have to be taken into account near the spin-flop. In particular,
thermodynamically stable multidomain states exist in the spin-flop region,
owing to the phase coexistence at this first-order transition. For this region,
equilibrium spin-configurations and parameters of the multidomain states are
derived as functions of the external magnetic field. The components of the
magnetic susceptibility tensor are calculated for homogeneous and multidomain
states in the vicinity of the spin-flop. The remarkable anomalies in these
measurable quantities provide an efficient method to investigate magnetic
states and to determine materials parameters in bulk and confined
antiferromagnets, as well as in nanoscale synthetic antiferromagnets. The
method is demonstrated for experimental data on the magnetic properties near
the spin-flop region in the orthorhombic layered antiferromagnet
(C_2H_5NH_3)_2CuCl_4.Comment: (15 pages, 12 figures; 2nd version: improved notation and figures,
correction of various typos
Kinetic and Transport Equations for Localized Excitations in Sine-Gordon Model
We analyze the kinetic behavior of localized excitations - solitons,
breathers and phonons - in Sine-Gordon model. Collision integrals for all type
of localized excitation collision processes are constructed, and the kinetic
equations are derived. We analyze the kinetic behavior of localized excitations
- solitons, breathers and phonons - in Sine-Gordon model. Collision integrals
for all type of localized excitation collision processes are constructed, and
the kinetic equations are derived. We prove that the entropy production in the
system of localized excitations takes place only in the case of inhomogeneous
distribution of these excitations in real and phase spaces. We derive transport
equations for soliton and breather densities, temperatures and mean velocities
i.e. show that collisions of localized excitations lead to creation of
diffusion, thermoconductivity and intrinsic friction processes. The diffusion
coefficients for solitons and breathers, describing the diffusion processes in
real and phase spaces, are calculated. It is shown that diffusion processes in
real space are much faster than the diffusion processes in phase space.Comment: 23 pages, latex, no figure
Evidence of electro-active excitation of the spin cycloid in TbMnO3
Terahertz electromagnetic excitations in the multiferroic TbMnO3 at the
field-induced magnetic transition are investigated for different orientations
of the magnetic cycloid. In addition to the electromagnon along the a-axis, the
detailed polarization analysis of the experimental spectra suggests the
existence of an electro-active excitation for ac electric fields along the
crystallographic c-axis. This excitation is possibly the electro-active
eigenmode of the spin cycloid in TbMnO3, which has been predicted within the
inverse Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya mechanism of magnetoelectric coupling.Comment: 5 page
Dynamical magneto-electric coupling in helical magnets
Collective mode dynamics of the helical magnets coupled to electric
polarization via spin-orbit interaction is studied theoretically. The soft
modes associated with the ferroelectricity are not the transverse optical
phonons, as expected from the Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation, but are the spin
waves hybridized with the electric polarization. This leads to the Drude-like
dielectric function in the limit of zero magnetic
anisotropy. There are two more low-lying modes; phason of the spiral and
rotation of helical plane along the polarization axis. The roles of these soft
modes in the neutron scattering and antiferromagnetic resonance are revealed,
and a novel experiment to detect the dynamical magneto-electric coupling is
proposed.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur
Magneto-electric excitations in multiferroic TbMnO3 by Raman scattering
Low energy excitations in the multiferroic material TbMnO3 have been
investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Our observations reveal the existence of
two peaks at 30 cm-1 and 60 cm-1. They are observed in the cycloidal phase
below the Curie temperature but not in the sinusoidal phase, suggesting their
magnetoelectric origin. While the peak energies coincide with the frequencies
of electromagnons measured previously by transmission spectroscopy, they show
surprisingly different selection rules, with the 30 cm-1 excitation enhanced by
the electric field of light along the spontaneous polarization. The origins of
the modes are discussed under Raman and infrared selection rules
considerations
Thermodynamically self-consistent non-stochastic micromagnetic model for the ferromagnetic state
In this work, a self-consistent thermodynamic approach to micromagnetism is
presented. The magnetic degrees of freedom are modeled using the
Landau-Lifshitz-Baryakhtar theory, that separates the different contributions
to the magnetic damping, and thereby allows them to be coupled to the electron
and phonon systems in a self-consistent way. We show that this model can
quantitatively reproduce ultrafast magnetization dynamics in Nickel.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Spin Pumping of Current in Non-Uniform Conducting Magnets
Using irreversible thermodynamics we show that current-induced spin transfer
torque within a magnetic domain implies spin pumping of current within that
domain. This has experimental implications for samples both with conducting
leads and that are electrically isolated. These results are obtained by
deriving the dynamical equations for two models of non-uniform conducting
magnets: (1) a generic conducting magnet, with net conduction electron density
n and net magnetization ; and (2) a two-band magnet, with up and down
spins each providing conduction and magnetism. For both models, in regions
where the equilibrium magnetization is non-uniform, voltage gradients can drive
adiabatic and non-adiabatic bulk spin torques. Onsager relations then ensure
that magnetic torques likewise drive adiabatic and non-adiabatic currents --
what we call bulk spin pumping. For a given amount of adiabatic and
non-adiabatic spin torque, the two models yield similar but distinct results
for the bulk spin pumping, thus distinguishing the two models. As in the recent
spin-Berry phase study by Barnes and Maekawa, we find that within a domain wall
the ratio of the effective emf to the magnetic field is approximately given by
, where P is the spin polarization. The adiabatic spin torque
and spin pumping terms are shown to be dissipative in nature.Comment: 13 pages in pdf format; 1 figur
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