The Berry phase in inflationary cosmology

We derive an analogue of the Berry phase associated with inflationary cosmological perturbations of quantum mechanical origin by obtaining the corresponding wavefunction. We have further shown that cosmological Berry phase can be completely envisioned through the observable parameters, viz. spectral indices. Finally, physical significance of this phase is discussed from the point of view of theoretical and observational aspects with some possible consequences of this quantity in inflationary cosmology.Comment: 9 pages, Modified version to appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:quant-ph/0307084 by other author

Mutated Hilltop Inflation : A Natural Choice for Early Universe

We propose a model of inflation with a suitable potential for a single scalar field which falls in the wide class of hilltop inflation. We derive the analytical expressions for most of the physical quantities related to inflation and show that all of them represent the true behavior as required from a model of inflation. We further subject the results to observational verification by formulating the theory of perturbations based on our model followed by an estimation for the values of those observable parameters. Our model is found to be in excellent agreement with observational data. Thus, the features related to the model leads us to infer that this type of hilltop inflation may be a natural choice for explaining the early universe.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. Matches published version in JCA

Контрольно-вимірювальна система для дослідження оптичних параметрів біотканин

В роботі розвинуті аспекти проектування спектрофотометричних комп’ютерно- вимірювальних систем для неінвазійної діагностики стану нормальних і патологічних біотканин за спектрами їх дифузного відбивання. Розглянуто структуру та принцип функціонування комп’ютерно-вимірювальної системи діагностики стану нормальних і патологічних біотканин. Розроблено спеціалізоване програмне забезпечення для керування роботою системи та попередньої обробки даних. Проведено дослідження спектрів дифузного відбивання нормальних та патологічних біотканин у різних групах реципієнтів.В работе развитые аспекты проектирования спектрофотометрических компьютерно измерительных систем для неинвазионной диагностики состояния нормальных и патологических биотканей по спектрам их диффузного отражения. Рассмотрена структура и принцип функционирования компьютерно-измерительной системы диагностики состояния нормальных и патологических биотканей. Разработано специализированное программное обеспечение для управления работой системы и предварительной обработки данных. Проведено исследование спектров диффузного отражения нормальных и патологических биотканей в разных группах реципиентов.The work developed aspects of designing computer-spectrophotometric neinvaziynoyi measuring systems for diagnostics of normal and pathological biological tissues the spectra of the diffuse reflection. The structure and operation principle of computerized measuring system diagnostics of normal and pathological biological tissues. A specialized software to operate the system and preliminary data processing. Research diffuse reflectance spectra of normal and pathological biological tissues in different groups of recipients

Модернізація інтерактивних оптичних засобів для діагностики фізіологічного стану людини на основі спектрофотометрії та лазерної поляриметрії

Оптичні методи дослідження характеристик біотканин та, на основі цього, діагностики фізіологічного стану людини є одними з найбільш прийнятних, враховуючи можливість швидкої, безболісної неінвазивної діагностики.Оптические методы исследования характеристик биотканей и, на основе этого, диагностики физиологического состояния человека являются одними из наиболее приемлемых, учитывая возможность быстрой, безболезненной неинвазивной диагностики.Optical methods and characteristics of biological tissues, based on this, diagnosis physiological state of man is one of the most suitable, given the possibility of rapid, painless noninvasive diagnosis

Long-term safety and efficacy of Eculizumab in Aquaporin-4 IgG-positive NMOSD

Objective During PREVENT (NCT01892345), eculizumab significantly reduced relapse risk versus placebo in patients with aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD). We report an interim analysis of PREVENT's ongoing open-label extension (OLE; NCT02003144) evaluating eculizumab's long-term safety and efficacy. Methods Patients who completed PREVENT could enroll in the OLE to receive eculizumab (maintenance dose = 1,200 mg/2 weeks, after a blinded induction phase). Safety and efficacy data from PREVENT and its OLE (interim data cut, July 31, 2019) were combined for this analysis. Results Across PREVENT and the OLE, 137 patients received eculizumab and were monitored for a median (range) of 133.3 weeks (5.1–276.9 weeks), for a combined total of 362.3 patient-years (PY). Treatment-related adverse event (AE) and serious adverse event (SAE) rates were 183.5 in 100 PY and 8.6 in 100 PY, respectively. Serious infection rates were 10.2 in 100 PY in eculizumab-treated patients versus 15.1 in 100 PY in the PREVENT placebo group. No patient developed a meningococcal infection. At 192 weeks (3.7 years), 94.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 88.6–97.3) of patients remained adjudicated relapse-free. The adjudicated annualized relapse rate was 0.025 (95% CI = 0.013–0.048) in all eculizumab-treated patients versus 0.350 (95% CI = 0.199–0.616) in the PREVENT placebo group. During the OLE, 37% of patients (44 of 119 patients) stopped or decreased background immunosuppressive therapy use. Interpretation This analysis demonstrates that eculizumab's long-term safety profile in NMOSD is consistent with its established profile across other indications. This analysis also demonstrated the sustained ability of long-term eculizumab treatment to reduce relapse risk in patients with AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:1088–109

Studies on regioselective addition of benzylic organometallics to α-oxoketene dithioacetals in our aromatic annelation protocol

The α-oxoketenedithioacetals derived from various acyclic and cyclic active methylene ketones are shown to undergo either 1,2- or sequential 1,4- and 1,2-addition with various substituted benzylic Grignard reagents (or benzyl lithium) and 1-/2-(naphthylmethyl) Grignard reagents to give carbinol adducts which on facile BF3.Et2O induced cycloaromatization afford a variety of substituted naphthalenes, phenanthrenes and other condensed aromatics. This methodology has emerged as a versatile tool for the regioselective construction of aromatic ring via [3+3] annulation from readily available acyclic precursors. The various substituted benzylic Grignard reagents (or benzyl lithium) and the corresponding 1- and 2-(naphthylmethyl) reagents display diverse regioselectivity in these reactions via either 1,2-addition or sequential 1,4- and 1,2-addition depending on the substituents in the benzylic moiety, nature of the metal and the substrate oxoketenedithioacetals. The benzylic organocopper reagents undergo regioselective conjugate addition-displacement to give β-benzyl-β-methylthiomethylene ketones while the corresponding alkoxy substituted benzyl organocopper reagents gave unexpected results under these conditions. An attempt has been made to generalize some of these observations in terms of charge control 1,2- and orbital control 1,4-addition, although theoretical studies are needed to throw further light for better understanding of these results