On the antifungal mode of action of tridemorph

Tridemorph (2,6-dimethyl-N-tridecylmorpholine) was active against representative of nearly all taxonomic groups of fungi; gram-positive bacteria were also sensitive although gram-negative were not. Tridemorph, 3–10 μg/ml, inhibited the multiplication of sporidia of Ustilago maydis more strongly than the increase of dry weight. The treated sporidia appeared swollen, multicellular, and sometimes branched. Unsaturated lipophilic compounds like α-tocopherol and trilinolein alleviated the toxicity of tridemorph to Botrytis allii and U. maydis. Protein and RNA syntheses were inhibited slightly. DNA synthesis was rather strongly affected already after 2 hr. Lipid synthesis was first inhibited but later stimulated. At an early stage (2 hr) treated cells differed already from control cells by a higher content of free fatty acids. Tridemorph also inhibited sterol biosynthesis. The antimicrobial spectrum, the characteristic morphology of treated cells of U. maydis, the observations on cross-resistance, the alleviating effect of unsaturated lipophilic compounds, and the alterations in neutral lipid pattern suggest strong similarity of the mode of action of tridemorph with that of the known inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis

Rapid methods : for food and feed quality determination

There is an ever-increasing need for rapid methods and instrumentation in the field of food and feed quality. Key issues dealt with in the food and feed industry include: monitoring of processes at all stages; showing due diligence in the control of food and nutritional quality; achieving rapid results for detecting (micro)biological, chemical and physical deterioration of food and feed; and finally, detecting rapidly and reliably food authenticity and/or adulteration. Developments in analytical techniques have led to the emergence of a wide range of rapid methods to complement the traditional methods. Faster results, higher productivity, lower costs and increased sensitivity are key concepts for all those involved in writing this book. Key topics include: - emerging rapid technologies; - rapid monitoring of food and nutritional quality; - rapid testing of quality deterioration and spoilage; - rapid testing of authenticity and adulteration; - quality tracking & tracing and rapid testing. The methods and techniques presented here, in their varying degree of complexity, will be a valuable resource for researchers and professionals from the food and feed industry as well as from the scientific community

Rapid methods for biological and chemical contaminants in food and feed

The rapid and reliable detection of biological and chemical contaminants is extremely important in managing the safety of food and feed. "Rapid Methods" is a comprehensive reference resource for anyone interested in this subject. Developments in analytical techniques have led to the emergence of a wide range of rapid methods to complement the traditional methods. At the same time, the importance of method validation, proficiency testing, quality management, sampling and legislation have all become more widely recognised. "Rapid Methods" presents a firm base and structured framework for considering rapid analysis of biological and chemical contaminants in food and feed. The various chapters concentrate on the state of the art in rapid methods in regards to: legislation, sampling, method validation, microbial pathogens, biological materials like GMOs and allergens, toxins like bacterial food poisoning toxins, marine toxins and bio