Angehörigenkontakt in der Rechtsmedizin: Eine Schweizer Untersuchung

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Mit der vorgestellten Arbeit wurde erstmals der Kontakt zu Angehörigen von Verstorbenen in der forensischen Medizin aus Sicht der Ärzteschaft untersucht, da dieser in der Schweiz zur täglichen Aufgabe gehört. Methode: Hierzu wurde ein anonymisierter Fragebogen an Ärzte aller deutschsprachigen rechtsmedizinischen Institute der Schweiz versendet und ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Es konnte bestätigt werden, dass es überwiegend die Angehörigen sind (53%), die diesen Kontakt meist telefonisch (43%) suchen, um sich Klarheit über den Tod der nahegestandenen Person zu verschaffen. Sie (73%) empfinden diesen Kontakt als sehr wichtig und wünschen sich, wie auch in anderen Arbeiten beschrieben, ausführlich und gut verständlich informiert zu werden. Dies ist allerdings in der Rechtsmedizin aufgrund juristischer Hintergründe nicht ohne Weiteres möglich, was von der Mehrheit der Ärzte (64%) als Einschränkung wahrgenommen und durch die Empfehlung professioneller Hilfe (64%) abgefangen wird. Eine weitere wichtige Erkenntnis ist die Tatsache, dass die Mediziner während ihrer rechtsmedizinischen Facharztweiterbildung keinerlei verpflichtende (82%) und nur einzelne freiwillige (27%) Ausbildungsmodule zu dieser Tätigkeit absolvieren. Der besonderen Situation des Umgangs mit Menschen nach Konfrontation mit dem plötzlichen, unerwarteten und möglicherweise gewaltsamen Tod eines nahegestandenen Menschen wird vonseiten der Ausbildenden (Fachgesellschaften) bisher keine Rechnung getragen. Schlussfolgerungen: Laut Studie wünschten sich mehr als zwei Drittel der Befragten (67%) eine spezifische Fortbildung. Deshalb wurde in Zürich im Sommer 2010 hierzu bereits ein Pilotprojekt unter der Leitung eines Psychologen (Univ.-Prof. Dr. Gernot Brauchle) durchgeführt, an dem Ärzte aller rechtsmedizinischen Institute der Schweiz teilnahme

Tests of silicon sensors for the CMS pixel detector

The tracking system of the CMS experiment, currently under construction at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Geneva, Switzerland), will include a silicon pixel detector providing three spacial measurements in its final configuration for tracks produced in high energy pp collisions. In this paper we present the results of test beam measurements performed at CERN on irradiated silicon pixel sensors. Lorentz angle and charge collection efficiency were measured for two sensor designs and at various bias voltages.Comment: Talk presented at 6th International Conference on Large Scale Applications and Radiation Hardness of Semiconductor Detectors, September 29-October 1, 2003, Firenze, Italy. Proceedings will be published in Nuclear Instr. & Methods in Phys. Research, Section

Extracting Multidimensional Phase Space Topology from Periodic Orbits

We establish a hierarchical ordering of periodic orbits in a strongly coupled multidimensional Hamiltonian system. Phase space structures can be reconstructed quantitatively from the knowledge of periodic orbits alone. We illustrate our findings for the hydrogen atom in crossed electric and magnetic fields.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let

Stochastic Transition States: Reaction Geometry amidst Noise

Classical transition state theory (TST) is the cornerstone of reaction rate theory. It postulates a partition of phase space into reactant and product regions, which are separated by a dividing surface that reactive trajectories must cross. In order not to overestimate the reaction rate, the dynamics must be free of recrossings of the dividing surface. This no-recrossing rule is difficult (and sometimes impossible) to enforce, however, when a chemical reaction takes place in a fluctuating environment such as a liquid. High-accuracy approximations to the rate are well known when the solvent forces are treated using stochastic representations, though again, exact no-recrossing surfaces have not been available. To generalize the exact limit of TST to reactive systems driven by noise, we introduce a time-dependent dividing surface that is stochastically moving in phase space such that it is crossed once and only once by each transition path

The hydrogen atom in an electric field: Closed-orbit theory with bifurcating orbits

Closed-orbit theory provides a general approach to the semiclassical description of photo-absorption spectra of arbitrary atoms in external fields, the simplest of which is the hydrogen atom in an electric field. Yet, despite its apparent simplicity, a semiclassical quantization of this system by means of closed-orbit theory has not been achieved so far. It is the aim of this paper to close that gap. We first present a detailed analytic study of the closed classical orbits and their bifurcations. We then derive a simple form of the uniform semiclassical approximation for the bifurcations that is suitable for an inclusion into a closed-orbit summation. By means of a generalized version of the semiclassical quantization by harmonic inversion, we succeed in calculating high-quality semiclassical spectra for the hydrogen atom in an electric field

Photoabsorption spectra of the diamagnetic hydrogen atom in the transition regime to chaos: Closed orbit theory with bifurcating orbits

With increasing energy the diamagnetic hydrogen atom undergoes a transition from regular to chaotic classical dynamics, and the closed orbits pass through various cascades of bifurcations. Closed orbit theory allows for the semiclassical calculation of photoabsorption spectra of the diamagnetic hydrogen atom. However, at the bifurcations the closed orbit contributions diverge. The singularities can be removed with the help of uniform semiclassical approximations which are constructed over a wide energy range for different types of codimension one and two catastrophes. Using the uniform approximations and applying the high-resolution harmonic inversion method we calculate fully resolved semiclassical photoabsorption spectra, i.e., individual eigenenergies and transition matrix elements at laboratory magnetic field strengths, and compare them with the results of exact quantum calculations.Comment: 26 pages, 9 figures, submitted to J. Phys.

Desingularization of vortices for the Euler equation

We study the existence of stationary classical solutions of the incompressible Euler equation in the plane that approximate singular stationnary solutions of this equation. The construction is performed by studying the asymptotics of equation -\eps^2 \Delta u^\eps=(u^\eps-q-\frac{\kappa}{2\pi} \log \frac{1}{\eps})_+^p with Dirichlet boundary conditions and $q$ a given function. We also study the desingularization of pairs of vortices by minimal energy nodal solutions and the desingularization of rotating vortices.Comment: 40 page

Glasslike Arrest in Spinodal Decomposition as a Route to Colloidal Gelation

Colloid-polymer mixtures can undergo spinodal decomposition into colloid-rich and colloid-poor regions. Gelation results when interconnected colloid-rich regions solidify. We show that this occurs when these regions undergo a glass transition, leading to dynamic arrest of the spinodal decomposition. The characteristic length scale of the gel decreases with increasing quench depth, and the nonergodicity parameter exhibits a pronounced dependence on scattering vector. Mode coupling theory gives a good description of the dynamics, provided we use the full static structure as input.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures; replaced with published versio

Symbiotic Bright Solitary Wave Solutions of Coupled Nonlinear Schrodinger Equations

Conventionally, bright solitary wave solutions can be obtained in self-focusing nonlinear Schrodinger equations with attractive self-interaction. However, when self-interaction becomes repulsive, it seems impossible to have bright solitary wave solution. Here we show that there exists symbiotic bright solitary wave solution of coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations with repulsive self-interaction but strongly attractive interspecies interaction. For such coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations in two and three dimensional domains, we prove the existence of least energy solutions and study the location and configuration of symbiotic bright solitons. We use Nehari's manifold to construct least energy solutions and derive their asymptotic behaviors by some techniques of singular perturbation problems.Comment: to appear in Nonlinearit

Androgen receptor protein is down-regulated by basic fibroblast growth factor in prostate cancer cells

Interactions between polypeptide growth factors and the androgen receptor (AR) are important for regulation of cellular events in carcinoma of the prostate. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), the prototype of heparin-binding growth factors, and the AR are commonly expressed in prostate cancer. bFGF diminished prostate-specific antigen protein in the supernatants of androgen-stimulated human prostate cancer cells LNCaP by 80%. In the present study, we asked whether the bFGF effect on prostate-specific antigen is preceded by action on AR expression. LNCaP cells were treated with bFGF and AR protein expression was determined by immunoblotting and ligand binding assay. bFGF down-regulated AR protein in a dose-dependent manner showing a maximal effect at 50 ng ml−1both in the presence or absence of dihydrotestosterone. Down-regulation of AR protein expression occurred already after 8 h of bFGF treatment and a maximal inhibition was observed 24 h after addition of bFGF to culture media. As AR expression can be reduced by an increase in intracellular calcium levels, we investigated whether the bFGF effect on AR protein is mediated by this mechanism. Calcium release from intracellular stores and store-operated calcium influx after treatment with either bFGF or calcium ionophore A 23187 were measured by single cell fluorescence technique. The ionophore A 23187 was able to induce calcium influx and an increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration in LNCaP cells. In contrast, bFGF was incapable of eliciting a similar effect. In contrast to AR protein, AR mRNA levels were not affected by bFGF as shown by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In summary, these studies show that bFGF is a potent negative regulator of AR protein expression in the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaig