Electromigration in a Cation Exchange Resin

The purpose of this research was to investigate the phenomenon of electromigration of ions in a cation exchange resin. When a potential is applied across a solution of ions in series with an ion exchange resin column, the cations will migrate through the resin column, the cations will migrate through the resin toward the cathode and the anions will migrate toward the anode. The cations as they migrate through the resign should form bands because of their different ionic mobilities and their different exchange rates on the resin. The object of these experiments was to design and build the apparatus necessary to achieve the separation of the cationic species and to obtain data on the separation process

Cohesion-Establishment in Text Comprehension: A Case-Study of Anomaly Detection

This thesis develops the view that establishing a cohesive mental representation from a text demands elaboration by inference. Such cohesion-based inferential activity is necessarily incomplete, since there is no limit to information potentially relevant to coherence tests. Hence, cohesion is only more or less complete, possibly varying as a function of textual and contextual factors. Text-based anomalies which pass undetected during reading act as signals for shallow underlying cohesion. The rate of detection for any particular anomaly is an index of processing depth. The detection rates for several manipulations of one anomaly are investigated. Cross condition comparison of the obtained rates allows evaluation of manipulation effects. Over a series of eight experiments, considerable non-detection is observed, supporting the above views. The results suggest that the contribution any word makes to overall coherence is not a simple function of its own properties. Rather, these interact with more global constraints such as the background interpretative scenario and the pragmatic status of the message. These factors have a controlling effect on on-line processing. Since pragmatic status, for example, may only emerge gradually over message presentation, selective influences on prior information can be delayed, even across sentence boundaries. These effects suggest that the time-course of full interpretation may be longer than has previously been thought to be the case. Implications for inference measurement and models of text processing are discussed

Examining the Challenges to the Anti-Human-Trafficking Movement in Russia

This paper examines the success of the anti-human trafficking movement in curbing the enslavement and trade of Russians to other parts of the country and world. This paper outlines how and why human trafficking is a major human rights and security issue for Russia and the “destination” countries to which traffickers send their victims. The anti-trafficking movement in Russia, which gained strength in the late 1990s through grassroots organization and international backing, successfully lobbied the Russian government to pass the country’s first anti-trafficking legislation in 2003. This paper analyzes the many challenges this law has faced, while also focusing particularly on whether Russian legislation has had any effect on sex trafficking to the United States through a regression analysis of immigration data from the U.S. Census. Finding that the law has had very little effect on decreasing trafficking from Russia to the United States, this paper offers some concluding policy recommendations for Russia and the United States

The socio‐spatial nature of organisational creativity: experiences along the road toward transdisciplinarity

This paper sets out to explore characteristics of transdisciplinary organisational research in practice and in particular how the process of research may be shared and co-produced by both university and business. The case studies presented here outline recent work conducted through ‘Innovation Futures’, a Sheffield Hallam University project which aims to contribute to the development of a region-wide culture of innovation and to create strong links between businesses and the University. The multidisciplinary team, based across Sheffield Business School and the Cultural, Communication and Computing Research Institute, has worked with numerous companies from the manufacturing and service sectors in the last three years. Through a strong process of collaboration throughout the stages of problem structuring,problem investigation, and realisation of findings in practice, the work has sought to help businesses improve processes and, ultimately, performance via a range of analytical measures. By employing a holistic approach to understanding the social-cultural nature of the workspace through the integrated use of Social Network Analysis, Space Syntax and participatory design methods, managers have been able to develop a much greater level of reflexive management practice through their experiences of collaborative research. There is increasing recognition that organisational creativity is not formed through the innate attributes of the individual but is instead a wholly social process involving complex phases of interaction thus making the socio-spatial environment of the organisation, within which such phases are carried out, a key determinant of success. This environment is both shaped, and also shapes, those within it through the requirements of organisation and it is through the experience of transdisciplinary boundary spanning that both academic institution and business can help form research driven management practices

Evolving innovation through office knowledge networks : mapping the ephemeral architecture of organizational creativity

This paper explores positive conditions for the evolution of creative innovation through informal social networks in the office. By drawing on both Social Network Analysis (SNA) and the abstracted evolutionary mechanisms of variation, selection and retention, a multilevel conceptualization of the evolutionary processes underpinning the emergence and development of ideas within an organization is put forward. In this way SNA is used to visualize not just the connectivity of individuals within the company who offer 'expert advice' and 'new ideas' in the development of these products, but also the role of mediators in this process at a digital media company, Dataco

Characterisation of the genomic architecture of human chromosome 17q and evaluation of different methods for haplotype block definition

BACKGROUND: The selection of markers in association studies can be informed through the use of haplotype blocks. Recent reports have determined the genomic architecture of chromosomal segments through different haplotype block definitions based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) measures or haplotype diversity criteria. The relative applicability of distinct block definitions to association studies, however, remains unclear. We compared different block definitions in 6.1 Mb of chromosome 17q in 189 unrelated healthy individuals. Using 137 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), at a median spacing of 15.5 kb, we constructed haplotype block maps using published methods and additional methods we have developed. Haplotype tagging SNPs (htSNPs) were identified for each map. RESULTS: Blocks were found to be shorter and coverage of the region limited with methods based on LD measures, compared to the method based on haplotype diversity. Although the distribution of blocks was highly variable, the number of SNPs that needed to be typed in order to capture the maximum number of haplotypes was consistent. CONCLUSION: For the marker spacing used in this study, choice of block definition is not important when used as an initial screen of the region to identify htSNPs. However, choice of block definition has consequences for the downstream interpretation of association study results

Putting LiDAR to the Test in the Brú na Bóinne WHS, Ireland: Site discovery, definition and investigation using LiDAR, geophysics and coring.

Historically aerial photography, and latterly LiDAR, have been used to identify and map new sites in the Brú na Bóinne World Heritage Site (WHS), an internationally significant archaeological landscape known for its Neolithic passage tombs, other monuments and megalithic art. Recent analysis of LiDAR data from the Brú na Bóinne WHS undertaken as part of the INSTAR (Irish National Strategic Archaeological Research) Boyne Valley Landscapes Project, which directly addresses a number of the knowledge gaps identified in the Brú na Bóinne WHS Research Framework (Smyth et al. 2009), has revealed a host of new monuments in this important archaeological landscape. This poster presents some of the results of a programme of ground truthing of a small sample of sites: Site W in Monknewtown - a previously recorded monument - and two sites first identified on the LiDAR data (LP1 in Newgrange townland and LP2 in Dowth townland). Ground-truthing involves a combination geophysical survey and coring to obtain material for sedimentological and geochemical analysis and for radiocarbon dating