Reatividade para pistas de comida em uma amostra clínica de pessoas com obesidade

A reatividade para pistas de comida pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da obesidade, definida como uma reação condicionada a estímulos de comida. Objetivou-se examinar, em uma amostra clínica de pacientes com obesidade, a associação entre viés atencional para alimentos e comer compulsivo, adição à comida, impulsividade, IMC e sintomas emocionais. Neste estudo transversal e correlacional, participaram 29 adultos com idades que variaram entre 24 e 58 anos (M=41,59; DP=9,7) e IMC médio de 44,15kg/m2 (DP=8,31). A Tarefa de Busca Visual - Tempo de Resposta de Detecção e Distração, Escala de Compulsão Alimentar Periódica, Escala Barratt de Impulsividade, Escala Yale de Adição à Comida e a DASS-21 foram utilizados. Encontrou-se que pessoas com obesidade são capazes de detectar mais rapidamente estímulos de comida de alta e de baixa caloria em comparação à? detecção de estímulos neutros. Sintomas de comer compulsivo e de impulsividade associaram-se à? detecção mais rápida de estímulos de comida. Não foram encontrados dados significativos em relação aos sintomas de adição à comida e IMC. Indivíduos com obesidade que apresentam sintomas de comer compulsivo, impulsividade, depressão e ansiedade apresentam risco para o desenvolvimento de uma maior reatividade para pistas de alimento.Reactivity to food cues, defined as a conditional response to food cues, can contribute to the onset and maintenance of obesity. The aim of the present study was to observe, in a clinical sample of patients with obesity, the association between attentional bias to food and binge eating, food addiction, impulsivity, BMI and emotional symptoms. 29 adults with ages varying between 24 and 58 (M=41.59; SD=9.7) and mean BMI of 44.15kg/m2 (SD=8.31) participated in this study. A Visual Search Task – Reaction Time on Detection and Distraction, Binge Eating Scale, Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Yale Food Addiction Scale and DASS-21 were used. People with obesity had a faster speeded detection of both high and low caloric foods in comparison to neutral stimuli. There was an association between binge eating, impulsivity symptoms and faster detection of food stimuli. Food addiction was not associated with BMI. Individuals with obesity that have binge eating, impulsivity, depression and anxiety symptoms are in greater risk for development of higher reactivity to food cues

Anthelmintic effect of Stachytarpheta schottiana in Caenorhabditis elegans

Helminthiasis is considered a serious illness in tropical countries. The study of activity of natural products has proven to be an excellent alternative to parasite control. This work evaluated the anthelmintic activity of the crude extract of Stachytarpheta schottiana on viability, movements, reproduction behaviors and morphology of different stages of Caenorhabditis elegans. The extract did not decrease L1 hatching, and the survival of L1-L2 and adults in all tested concentrations. And it did not alter the movements of C. elegans adults and the egg-laying activity and brood size. Chemotaxis behavioral assays showed that C. elegans was not attracted or repelled by the extract. The morphological analysis of different forms showed several alterations as cuticular damages that promoted the detachment from the nematode body. The eggs were degraded or not present in adult bodies treated. The results obtained with the crude extract suggest that several secondary metabolites isolated from S. schottiana have an anthelmintic effect and for this confirmation, future analyses will be necessary

Evaluation of the antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance profile of microorganisms isolated from Sinos River, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil

A bacia do Rio dos Sinos banha total ou parcialmente 32 municípios e integra uma área territorial de 3.600 km2. Ao longo do seu curso, recebe vários tipos de dejetos oriundos de esgoto pluvial, doméstico e industrial. Sendo assim, o rio recebe uma população microbiana bastante diversificada, possibilitando a presença de micro-organismos com fenótipo de resistência a diferentes antimicrobianos e a metais pesados. O objetivo principal desse estudo foi avaliar o perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos e metais pesados de bactérias isoladas no Rio dos Sinos. Foram testados 410 micro-organismos isolados da água bruta de estações de tratamento que recebiam as águas oriundas do Rio dos Sinos nos municípios de Três Coroas, Novo Hamburgo e Esteio, nas quatro estações do ano. O ensaio de susceptibilidade foi realizado com 13 antimicrobianos. Todos os isolados foram submetidos aos ensaios de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) de metais pesados, os metais utilizados foram cromo, cobre e níquel. Foram também realizados testes de colimetria e contagem total de heterotróficos. Os resultados apontaram para um perfil de 77,32% dos isolados resistentes a ao menos um antimicrobiano e 49,03% foram resistentes a dois ou mais antimicrobianos. O antimicrobiano com maior índice de resistência foi vancomicina, pois 64,15% de todos os isolados apresentaram resistência e o mais eficiente foi o imipenem, com cinco isolados resistentes. Quanto aos ensaios com metais pesados, 44,39% dos isolados foram resistentes com um CIM superior a 802,27 mg/L de níquel, 40,97% foram resistentes com um CIM superior a 509,24 mg/L para cobre e 12,92% dos micro-organismos foram resistentes com CIM superior a 707,04 mg/L de cromo. Levando em consideração os resultados obtidos para os parâmetros físico-químicos, coliformes totais e termotolerantes, as águas do Rio dos Sinos, até o ponto próximo da nascente, seriam classificadThe Sinos River basin covers, either entirely or partially, 32 municipalities, and encompasses a land area of 3,600 km2. Along its extension, it receives several types of wastes from pluvial, domestic and industrial sewage. Hence, the river receives quite diverse microbial populations, which eventually include microorganisms with resistance phenotypes to different antibiotics and heavy metals. We aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance profile of bacteria isolated from Sinos River. For that, we tested 410 microorganisms isolated from crude water of sewage treatment plants that receive water from the river, in the municipalities of Três Coroas, Esteio and Novo Hamburgo. Collections were performed along the four seasons of the year. The susceptibility assay was performed using 13 antimicrobials. All isolated microorganisms were subjected to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay with heavy metals chromium, copper and nickel. Also, coliform and total heterotrophic counts were made. Our results showed a profile of 77.32% isolates resistant to at least one antimicrobial and 49.03% resistant to two or more antimicrobials. The antimicrobial with the highest resistance rate was vancomycin (64.15%), and the most efficient one was imipenem, with five resistant isolates. Regarding the heavy metal assays, 44.39 % bacteria were resistant to nickel, with a MIC higher than 802.27 mg/L; 40.97% were resistant to copper, with a MIC higher than 509.24 mg/L; and 12.92% were resistant to chromium, with a MIC higher than 707.04 mg/L. Considering our results on physicochemical parameters and total and thermotolerant coliform counts, the waters of Sinos River, up near its source, should be categorized in class 3 according to the CONAMA (Brazilian National Environmental Council) standards

Cognitive development and brain gray matter susceptibility to prenatal adversities : moderation by the prefrontal cortex brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene co-expression network

Background: Previous studies focused on the relationship between prenatal conditions and neurodevelopmental outcomes later in life, but few have explored the interplay between gene co-expression networks and prenatal adversity conditions on cognitive development trajectories and gray matter density. Methods: We analyzed the moderation effects of an expression polygenic score (ePRS) for the Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor gene network (BDNF ePRS) on the association between prenatal adversity and child cognitive development. A score based on genes co-expressed with the prefrontal cortex (PFC) BDNF was created, using the effect size of the association between the individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and the BDNF expression in the PFC. Cognitive development trajectories of 157 young children from the Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment (MAVAN) cohort were assessed longitudinally in 4-time points (6, 12, 18, and 36 months) using the Bayley-II mental scales. Results: Linear mixed-effects modeling indicated that BDNF ePRS moderates the effects of prenatal adversity on cognitive growth. In children with high BDNF ePRS, higher prenatal adversity was associated with slower cognitive development in comparison with those exposed to lower prenatal adversity. Parallel-Independent Component Analysis (pICA) suggested that associations of expression-based SNPs and gray matter density significantly differed between low and high prenatal adversity groups. The brain IC included areas involved in visual association processes (Brodmann area 19 and 18), reallocation of attention, and integration of information across the supramodal cortex (Brodmann area 10). Conclusion: Cognitive development trajectories and brain gray matter seem to be influenced by the interplay of prenatal environmental conditions and the expression of an important BDNF gene network that guides the growth and plasticity of neurons and synapses

Leptin receptor co-expression gene network moderates the effect of early life adversity on eating behavior in children

Leptin influences eating behavior. Exposure to early adversity is associated with eating behaviour disorders and metabolic syndrome, but the role of the leptin receptor on this relationship is poorly explored. We investigated whether individual differences in brain region specific leptin receptor (LepR) gene networks could moderate the effects of early adversity on eating behavior and metabolism. We created an expression-based polygenic risk score (ePRS) reflecting variations in the function of LepR gene network in prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus to investigate the interactions between a cumulative index of postnatal adversity on eating behavior in two independent birth cohorts (MAVAN and GUSTO). To explore whether variations in the prefrontal cortex or hypothalamic genetic scores could be associated with metabolic measurements, we also assessed the relationship between LepR-ePRS and fasting blood glucose and leptin levels in a third independent cohort (ALSPAC). We identified significant interaction effects between postnatal adversity and prefrontal-based LepR-ePRS on the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire scores. In MAVAN, we observed a significant interaction effect on food enjoyment at 48 months (β = 61.58, p = 0.015) and 72 months (β = 97.78, p = 0.001); food responsiveness at 48 months (β = 83.79, p = 0.009) satiety at 48 months (β = −43.63, p = 0.047). Similar results were observed in the GUSTO cohort, with a significant interaction effect on food enjoyment (β = 30.48, p = 0.006) food fussiness score (β = −24.07, p = 0.02) and satiety score at 60 months (β = −17.00, p = 0.037). No effects were found when focusing on the hypothalamus-based LepR-ePRS on eating behavior in MAVAN and GUSTO cohorts, and there was no effect of hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex based ePRSs on metabolic measures in ALSPAC. Our study indicated that exposure to postnatal adversity interacts with prefrontal cortex LepR-ePRS to moderate eating behavior, suggesting a neurobiological mechanism associated with the development of eating behavior problems in response to early adversity. The knowledge of these mechanisms may guide the understanding of eating patterns associated with risk for obesity in response to fluctuations in stress exposure early in life

Amygdala 5-HTT gene network moderates the effects of postnatal adversity on attention problems : anatomo-functional correlation and epigenetic changes

Variations in serotoninergic signaling have been related to behavioral outcomes. Alterations in the genome, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are affected by serotonin neurotransmission. The amygdala is an important brain region involved in emotional responses and impulsivity, which receives serotoninergic input. In addition, studies suggest that the serotonin transporter gene network may interact with the environment and influence the risk for psychiatric disorders. We propose to investigate whether/how interactions between the exposure to early life adversity and serotonin transporter gene network in the amygdala associate with behavioral disorders. We constructed a co-expression-based polygenic risk score (ePRS) reflecting variations in the function of the serotonin transporter gene network in the amygdala and investigated its interaction with postnatal adversity on attention problems in two independent cohorts from Canada and Singapore. We also described how interactions between ePRS-5-HTT and postnatal adversity exposure predict brain gray matter density and variation in DNA methylation across the genome. We observed that the expression-based polygenic risk score, reflecting the function of the amygdala 5-HTT gene network, interacts with postnatal adversity, to predict attention and hyperactivity problems across both cohorts. Also, both postnatal adversity score and amygdala ePRS-5-HTT score, as well as their interaction, were observed to be associated with variation in DNA methylation across the genome. Variations in gray matter density in brain regions linked to attentional processes were also correlated to our ePRS score. These results confirm that the amygdala 5-HTT gene network is strongly associated with ADHD-related behaviors, brain cortical density, and epigenetic changes in the context of adversity in young children

Parents’ marital status and child physical abuse potential: the mediation of depression symptoms

Informed by a social interactional framework of stress and parenting, the aim of this study was to examine the mediating effect of depression symptoms on the asso- ciation between parents’ marital status (married and divorced parents) and child physical abuse potential, in a Portuguese community sample. It was hypothesized that the possible observed differences between divorced and married parents in the child physical abuse potential would be explained by their depression symptoms. Parents (N = 892) were assessed in their marital status, severity of depression symptoms and child physical abuse potential. Results showed that, when compared with married parents, divorced parents had higher child physical abuse potential. However, parents’ depression symptomatology was found as a mediator of the effect of marital status differences on child physical abuse potential. The influence of the status of divorced parents on the increase of child physical abuse potential was explained by the increase of the parents’ depression symptoms. This finding suggested that parents’ divorced status had no longer an effect on child physical abuse potential when parents’ depression symptomatology was tested as a mediator vari- able. The present mediation model explained 47 % of the variability in the child physical abuse potential score. Prac- tical implications of these findings for prevention and psy- chological intervention are also discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Reatividade para pistas de comida em uma amostra clínica de pessoas com obesidade

A reatividade para pistas de comida pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da obesidade, definida como uma reação condicionada a estímulos de comida. Objetivou-se examinar, em uma amostra clínica de pacientes com obesidade, a associação entre viés atencional para alimentos e comer compulsivo, adição à comida, impulsividade, IMC e sintomas emocionais. Neste estudo transversal e correlacional, participaram 29 adultos com idades que variaram entre 24 e 58 anos (M=41,59; DP=9,7) e IMC médio de 44,15kg/m2 (DP=8,31). A Tarefa de Busca Visual - Tempo de Resposta de Detecção e Distração, Escala de Compulsão Alimentar Periódica, Escala Barratt de Impulsividade, Escala Yale de Adição à Comida e a DASS-21 foram utilizados. Encontrou-se que pessoas com obesidade são capazes de detectar mais rapidamente estímulos de comida de alta e de baixa caloria em comparação à? detecção de estímulos neutros. Sintomas de comer compulsivo e de impulsividade associaram-se à? detecção mais rápida de estímulos de comida. Não foram encontrados dados significativos em relação aos sintomas de adição à comida e IMC. Indivíduos com obesidade que apresentam sintomas de comer compulsivo, impulsividade, depressão e ansiedade apresentam risco para o desenvolvimento de uma maior reatividade para pistas de alimento.Reactivity to food cues, defined as a conditional response to food cues, can contribute to the onset and maintenance of obesity. The aim of the present study was to observe, in a clinical sample of patients with obesity, the association between attentional bias to food and binge eating, food addiction, impulsivity, BMI and emotional symptoms. 29 adults with ages varying between 24 and 58 (M=41.59; SD=9.7) and mean BMI of 44.15kg/m2 (SD=8.31) participated in this study. A Visual Search Task – Reaction Time on Detection and Distraction, Binge Eating Scale, Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Yale Food Addiction Scale and DASS-21 were used. People with obesity had a faster speeded detection of both high and low caloric foods in comparison to neutral stimuli. There was an association between binge eating, impulsivity symptoms and faster detection of food stimuli. Food addiction was not associated with BMI. Individuals with obesity that have binge eating, impulsivity, depression and anxiety symptoms are in greater risk for development of higher reactivity to food cues