151 research outputs found
A Conceptual Architecture for Enabling Future Self-Adaptive Service Systems
Dynamic integration methods for unknown data sources and services at system design time are currently primarily driven by technological standards. Hence, little emphasis is being placed on integration methods. However, the combination of heterogeneous data sources and services offered by devices across domains is hard to standardize. In this paper, we will shed light on the interplay of self-adaptive system architectures as well as bottom-up, incremental integration methods relying on formal knowledge bases. An incremental integration method has direct influences on both the system architecture itself and the way these systems are engineered and operated during design and runtime. Our findings are evaluated in the context of a case study that uses an adapted bus architecture including two tool prototypes. In addition, we illustrate conceptually how control loops such as MAPE-K can be enriched with machine-readable integration knowledge
GRANDE: Gradient-Based Decision Tree Ensembles
Despite the success of deep learning for text and image data, tree-based
ensemble models are still state-of-the-art for machine learning with
heterogeneous tabular data. However, there is a significant need for
tabular-specific gradient-based methods due to their high flexibility. In this
paper, we propose , diet-Based
ecision Tree nsembles, a novel approach for learning hard,
axis-aligned decision tree ensembles using end-to-end gradient descent. GRANDE
is based on a dense representation of tree ensembles, which affords to use
backpropagation with a straight-through operator to jointly optimize all model
parameters. Our method combines axis-aligned splits, which is a useful
inductive bias for tabular data, with the flexibility of gradient-based
optimization. Furthermore, we introduce an advanced instance-wise weighting
that facilitates learning representations for both, simple and complex
relations, within a single model. We conducted an extensive evaluation on a
predefined benchmark with 19 classification datasets and demonstrate that our
method outperforms existing gradient-boosting and deep learning frameworks on
most datasets. The method is available under:
https://github.com/s-marton/GRAND
Planning Landmark Based Goal Recognition Revisited: Does Using Initial State Landmarks Make Sense?
Goal recognition is an important problem in many application domains (e.g.,
pervasive computing, intrusion detection, computer games, etc.). In many
application scenarios, it is important that goal recognition algorithms can
recognize goals of an observed agent as fast as possible. However, many early
approaches in the area of Plan Recognition As Planning, require quite large
amounts of computation time to calculate a solution. Mainly to address this
issue, recently, Pereira et al. developed an approach that is based on planning
landmarks and is much more computationally efficient than previous approaches.
However, the approach, as proposed by Pereira et al., also uses trivial
landmarks (i.e., facts that are part of the initial state and goal description
are landmarks by definition). In this paper, we show that it does not provide
any benefit to use landmarks that are part of the initial state in a planning
landmark based goal recognition approach. The empirical results show that
omitting initial state landmarks for goal recognition improves goal recognition
performance.Comment: Will be presented at KI 202
Emergent software service platform and its application in a smart mobility setting
The development dynamics of digital innovations for
industry, business, and society are producing complex system conglomerates that can no longer be designed centrally and hierarchically in classic development processes. Instead, systems are evolving in DevOps processes in which heterogeneous actors act together on an open platform. Influencing and controlling such dynamically and autonomously changing system landscapes is currently a major challenge and a fundamental interest of service users and providers, as well as operators of the platform infrastructures. In this paper, we propose an architecture for such an emergent software service platform. A software platform that implements this architecture with the underlying engineering methodology is demonstrated by a smart parking lot scenario
MergePoint: A Graphical Web-App for merging HTTP-Endpoints and IoT-Platform Models
More and more devices are connected to Internet of Things Platforms in various application domains. The resulting device integration effort is moderated by the concrete integration syntax and the technical abilities of the device integrator. Therefore, researchers from various communities have been investigating and designing component coupling architectures to achieve interoperability for more than 30 years. Emerging Smart Home scenarios challenges classical integration approaches as no single formal integration standard exists. In this paper we introduce a reference architecture called MergePoint that automates HTTP-Endpoint integration with smart home platforms such as openHAB in a plug-and-play manner. Based on a prototypical system implementation, our empirical evaluation demonstrates that average integration time can be reduced by 78% and average tool usability score is increased by 65% compared to textual integration approaches. MergePoint can serve as a reference implementation for practitioners that want to automate the integration between HTTP-Endpoints and IoT Platform Models
Emergent Software Service Platform and its Application in a Smart Mobility Setting
The development dynamics of digital innovations for industry, business, and
society are producing complex system conglomerates that can no longer be
designed centrally and hierarchically in classic development processes.
Instead, systems are evolving in DevOps processes in which heterogeneous actors
act together on an open platform. Influencing and controlling such dynamically
and autonomously changing system landscapes is currently a major challenge and
a fundamental interest of service users and providers, as well as operators of
the platform infrastructures. In this paper, we propose an architecture for
such an emergent software service platform. A software platform that implements
this architecture with the underlying engineering methodology is demonstrated
by a smart parking lot scenario.Comment: This paper was presented on The Fifteenth International Conference on
Adaptive and Self-Adaptive Systems and Applications (ADAPTIVE 2023
Explanations for neural networks by neural networks
Understanding the function learned by a neural network is crucial in many domains, e.g., to detect a model’s adaption to concept drift in online learning. Existing global surrogate model approaches generate explanations by maximizing the fidelity between the neural network and a surrogate model on a sample-basis, which can be very time-consuming. Therefore, these approaches are not applicable in scenarios where timely or frequent explanations are required. In this paper, we introduce a real-time approach for generating a symbolic representation of the function learned by a neural network. Our idea is to generate explanations via another neural network (called the Interpretation Network, or I-Net), which maps network parameters to a symbolic representation of the network function. We show that the training of an I-Net for a family of functions can be performed up-front and subsequent generation of an explanation only requires querying the I-Net once, which is computationally very efficient and does not require training data. We empirically evaluate our approach for the case of low-order polynomials as explanations, and show that it achieves competitive results for various data and function complexities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach that attempts to learn mapping from neural networks to symbolic representations
Next steps in knowledge-driven architecture composition
Software architecture knowledge management has itself positioned as a mature research stream over the last years. Superficially, architectural knowledge management is about documenting design and design decisions. In software-intensive systems, a concrete application scenario of architectural knowledge management deals with the question whether a provided functionality fits a required functionality. To automate the underlying integrationprocess, various research communities came up with, for example, interface definition languages and service matchers. However, formalizing the semantics ofa software interface is in practice currently regarded as a price too high to pay. In this paper, we provide the status of our incremental case-based integration method that aims at reducing the effort for formalizing integration knowledge without losing the ability to compose software components based on interface semantics automatically
A mapping language for IoT device descriptions
Component models for IoT devices regain popularity. As more and more devices must be semantically connected within IoT platforms, digital abstractions for these devices are needed. For this purpose, textual device descriptions which encapsulate device-specific characteristics are a suitable candidate. Such component descriptions formally describe a device’s information model as well as the offered functionality in a standardized way. However, smart IoT platforms mainly solve user goals by composing various IoT devices in a suitable manner. Current IoT descriptions, such as Eclipse Vorto do not address this need at all. In this paper, we introduce a formal mapping language that allows to capture functional interaction semantics already during device integration time. Our evaluation shows that only few mapping elements are needed to define functional mappings between operations as well as to capture the underlying communication pattern
Executing model-based software development for embedded I4.0 devices properly
Technical interoperability in “Industrie 4.0” scenarios is currently being achieved by standards such as OPC UA. Such standards allow operators to use a common communication interface for heterogeneous production devices. However, production flexibility (e.g. self-configuration or dynamic self-adaptation) can only be achieved if system structure and engineering processes change. At the moment, traditional engineering processes for embedded systems generate communication interfaces from software. This stands in stark contrast to component-based software engineering approaches. In this paper, we introduce a tool-based software engineering approach that puts models back at the core of embedded system development. This approach enables flexible production scenarios by bringing together process-oriented software development and operator-oriented interface construction
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