Loading a Bose-Einstein Condensate onto an Optical Lattice: an Application of Optimal Control Theory to The Non Linear Schr\"odinger Equation

Using a set of general methods developed by Krotov [A. I. Konnov and V. A. Krotov, Automation and Remote Control, {\bf 60}, 1427 (1999)], we extend the capabilities of Optimal Control Theory to the Nonlinear Schr\"odinger Equation (NLSE). The paper begins with a general review of the Krotov approach to optimization. Although the linearized version of the method is sufficient for the linear Schr\"odinger equation, the full flexibility of the general method is required for treatment of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. Formal equations for the optimization of the NLSE, as well as a concrete algorithm are presented. As an illustration, we consider a Bose-Einstein condensate initially at rest in a harmonic trap. A phase develops across the BEC when an optical lattice potential is turned on. The goal is to counter this effect and keep the phase flat by adjusting the trap strength. The problem is formulated in the language of Optimal Control Theory (OCT) and solved using the above methodology. To our knowledge, this is the first rigorous application of OCT to the Nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation, a capability that is bound to have numerous other applications.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, A reference added, Some typos correcte

175 GHz, 400-fs-pulse harmonically mode-locked surface emitting semiconductor laser

We report a harmonically mode-locked vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) producing 400 fs pulses at a repetition frequency of 175 GHz with an average output power of 300 mW. Harmonic mode-locking was established using a 300 µm thick intracavity single crystal diamond heat spreader in thermal contact with the front surface of the gain sample using liquid capillary bonding. The repetition frequency was set by the diamond microcavity and stable harmonic mode locking was achieved when the laser cavity length was tuned so that the laser operated on the 117th harmonic of the fundamental cavity. When an etalon placed intracavity next to the gain sample, but not in thermal contact was used pulse groups were observed. These contained 300 fs pulses with a spacing of 5.9 ps. We conclude that to achieve stable harmonic mode locking at repetition frequencies in the 100s of GHz range in a VECSEL there is a threshold pulse energy above which harmonic mode locking is achieved and below which groups of pulses are observed

Data Enabled Failure Management Process (DEFMP) across the Product Value Chain

The continuously increasing amount of production data and the advancing development of digitization solutions promote advanced data analytics as a promising approach for failure management. Beyond the consideration of single units, examining the end-to-end value chain, including development, production, and usage, offers potential for failure in management-related investigations. Nonetheless, challenges regarding data integration from different entities along the value creation process, data volume and formats handling, effective analytics, and decision support arise. The CRISP-DM approach has become a widely established reference as a conceptual framework for data-driven solutions. However, the linkage between existing failure management procedures and the subsequent development of data-driven solutions needs to be specified. Accordingly, this paper presents a cross-value chain Data Enabled Failure Management Process (DEFMP). The central element is a process model to implement a cross-value chain data-enabled failure management, considering established quality management and data analytics approaches. Based on available failure, product, and process knowledge along the value chain, a path towards developing a comprehensive decision support system is shown. DEFMP combines a reactive failure process with a data-driven approach to incorporate data analytics for proactive improvements. Using DEFMP, the failure management process of a commercial vehicle manufacturer is adapted. With this, partial automation of failure management is made possible. In addition, the potential for improvements is identified and prioritized

Supersymmetry on a Spatial Lattice

We construct a variety of supersymmetric gauge theories on a spatial lattice, including N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in 3+1 dimensions. Exact lattice supersymmetry greatly reduces or eliminates the need for fine tuning to arrive at the desired continuum limit in these examples.Comment: Version 3: Text brought in line with published version (extended discussion of orbifolding

The dynamics of social activation and suspiciousness in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis

INTRODUCTION: Social functioning is often impaired during the ultra-high risk (UHR) phase for psychosis, but group-level studies regarding the role of social functioning in transition to psychosis are inconsistent. Exploring the inter-individual differences which underlie the association between social functioning and psychotic symptoms in this phase could yield new insights.OBJECTIVE: To examine the idiographic and dynamic association between social activation and suspiciousness in individuals at UHR for psychosis using time-series analysis.METHODS: Twenty individuals at UHR for psychosis completed a diary application every evening for 90 days. Two items on social activation (quantity: 'time spent alone' and quality: 'feeling supported') and two items on suspiciousness ('feeling suspicious' and 'feeling disliked') were used. Time series (T = 90) of each individual were analyzed using vector auto regression analysis (VAR), to estimate the lagged (over 1 day) effect of social activation on suspiciousness, and vice versa, as well as their contemporaneous associations.RESULTS: Heterogeneous person-specific associations between social activation and suspiciousness were found in terms of strength, direction and temporal aspects.CONCLUSIONS: The association between social activation and suspiciousness differs amongst individuals who are at UHR for psychosis. These findings underline the importance of tailoring psychosocial interventions to the individual. Future studies may examine whether using results of single-subject studies in clinical practice to personalize treatment goals leads to better treatment outcomes.</p

A new paediatric formulation of valaciclovir : development and bioequivalence assessment

Peer reviewedPostprin

Clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and molecular characteristics of long-term survivors of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG): a collaborative report from the International and European Society for Pediatric Oncology DIPG registries

Purpose Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a brainstem malignancy with a median survival of &lt; 1 year. The International and European Society for Pediatric Oncology DIPG Registries collaborated to compare clinical, radiologic, and histomolecular characteristics between short-term survivors (STSs) and long-term survivors (LTSs). Materials and Methods Data abstracted from registry databases included patients from North America, Australia, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and Croatia. Results Among 1,130 pediatric and young adults with radiographically confirmed DIPG, 122 (11%) were excluded. Of the 1,008 remaining patients, 101 (10%) were LTSs (survival ≥ 2 years). Median survival time was 11 months (interquartile range, 7.5 to 16 months), and 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year survival rates were 42.3% (95% CI, 38.1% to 44.1%), 9.6% (95% CI, 7.8% to 11.3%), 4.3% (95% CI, 3.2% to 5.8%), 3.2% (95% CI, 2.4% to 4.6%), and 2.2% (95% CI, 1.4% to 3.4%), respectively. LTSs, compared with STSs, more commonly presented at age &lt; 3 or &gt; 10 years (11% v 3% and 33% v 23%, respectively; P &lt; .001) and with longer symptom duration ( P &lt; .001). STSs, compared with LTSs, more commonly presented with cranial nerve palsy (83% v 73%, respectively; P = .008), ring enhancement (38% v 23%, respectively; P = .007), necrosis (42% v 26%, respectively; P = .009), and extrapontine extension (92% v 86%, respectively; P = .04). LTSs more commonly received systemic therapy at diagnosis (88% v 75% for STSs; P = .005). Biopsies and autopsies were performed in 299 patients (30%) and 77 patients (10%), respectively; 181 tumors (48%) were molecularly characterized. LTSs were more likely to harbor a HIST1H3B mutation (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.5; P = .002). Conclusion We report clinical, radiologic, and molecular factors that correlate with survival in children and young adults with DIPG, which are important for risk stratification in future clinical trials

Caribbean Corals in Crisis: Record Thermal Stress, Bleaching, and Mortality in 2005

BACKGROUND The rising temperature of the world's oceans has become a major threat to coral reefs globally as the severity and frequency of mass coral bleaching and mortality events increase. In 2005, high ocean temperatures in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean resulted in the most severe bleaching event ever recorded in the basin. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Satellite-based tools provided warnings for coral reef managers and scientists, guiding both the timing and location of researchers' field observations as anomalously warm conditions developed and spread across the greater Caribbean region from June to October 2005. Field surveys of bleaching and mortality exceeded prior efforts in detail and extent, and provided a new standard for documenting the effects of bleaching and for testing nowcast and forecast products. Collaborators from 22 countries undertook the most comprehensive documentation of basin-scale bleaching to date and found that over 80% of corals bleached and over 40% died at many sites. The most severe bleaching coincided with waters nearest a western Atlantic warm pool that was centered off the northern end of the Lesser Antilles. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Thermal stress during the 2005 event exceeded any observed from the Caribbean in the prior 20 years, and regionally-averaged temperatures were the warmest in over 150 years. Comparison of satellite data against field surveys demonstrated a significant predictive relationship between accumulated heat stress (measured using NOAA Coral Reef Watch's Degree Heating Weeks) and bleaching intensity. This severe, widespread bleaching and mortality will undoubtedly have long-term consequences for reef ecosystems and suggests a troubled future for tropical marine ecosystems under a warming climate.This work was partially supported by salaries from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program to the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program authors. NOAA provided funding to Caribbean ReefCheck investigators to undertake surveys of bleaching and mortality. Otherwise, no funding from outside authors' institutions was necessary for the undertaking of this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

A human MUTYH variant linking colonic polyposis to redox degradation of the [4Fe4S]²⁺ cluster

The human DNA repair enzyme MUTYH excises mispaired adenine residues in oxidized DNA. Homozygous MUTYH mutations underlie the autosomal, recessive cancer syndrome MUTYH-associated polyposis. We report a MUTYH variant, p.C306W (c.918C>G), with a tryptophan residue in place of native cysteine, that ligates the [4Fe4S] cluster in a patient with colonic polyposis and family history of early age colon cancer. In bacterial MutY, the [4Fe4S] cluster is redox active, allowing rapid localization to target lesions by long-range, DNA-mediated signalling. In the current study, using DNA electrochemistry, we determine that wild-type MUTYH is similarly redox-active, but MUTYH C306W undergoes rapid oxidative degradation of its cluster to [3Fe4S]^+, with loss of redox signalling. In MUTYH C306W, oxidative cluster degradation leads to decreased DNA binding and enzyme function. This study confirms redox activity in eukaryotic DNA repair proteins and establishes MUTYH C306W as a pathogenic variant, highlighting the essential role of redox signalling by the [4Fe4S] cluster

Critical Correlations of Wilson Lines in SU(3) and the High Energy γ∗p\gamma^*p Cross Section

We discuss deep inelastic scattering at high energies as a critical phenomenon in 2+1 space - time dimensions. In the limit of Bjorken $x \to 0$, $QCD$ SU(3) with quark fields becomes a critical theory with a diverging correlation length $\xi(x) \propto x^{-\frac{1}{2 \lambda_2}}$ where the exponent $\lambda_2=2.52$ is obtained from the center group Z(3) of SU(3). We conjecture that the dipole wave function of the virtual photon for transverse sizes $1/Q<x_{\bot}<\xi$ obeys correlation scaling $\Psi \propto (x_{\bot})^{-(1+n)}$ before exponentially decaying for distances larger than the correlation length. Using this behavior combined with different $x$ -independent dipole proton cross sections we calculate the proton structure function and compare with the experimental data. We take the good agreement with the measured proton structure function F$_2(x,Q^2)$ as an indication that at high energies dimensional reduction to an effective three dimensional theory with a critical point occurs.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figure