Arbeitskraftunternehmer - wo bist du?

"Die kontrovers diskutierte Arbeitskraftunternehmerthese beschäftigt die Sozialwissenschaften seit mehr als einem Jahrzehnt. Aufgrund betrieblicher Reorganisationsprozesse können sich Beschäftigte nicht mehr auf das Sicherheitsversprechen der Beschäftiger/innen verlassen. Auf diese Situation der Unsicherheit reagieren die Akteur/innen mit einem Strategiewechsel. Dabei wird die Betriebsorientierung zugunsten einer Arbeitsmarktorientierung aufgegeben. Infolgedessen müssen die Beschäftigten strategisch agieren und ihre Fähigkeiten aktiv auf dem überbetrieblichen Arbeitsmarkt anbieten und vermarkten. Kurz, sie werden zu 'Arbeitskraftunternehmer/innen'. Doch lassen sich solche Vermarktlichungstendenzen auch tatsächlich empirisch beobachten? Dieser Frage wird anhand von Einzelfallanalysen im nachfolgenden Artikel nachgegangen. Dabei wird aufgezeigt, dass sich die Beschäftigten in klassischer Weise an ihren Betrieben orientieren und ein aktives Angebotsverhalten auf dem externen Arbeitsmarkt erheblich von situativen Faktoren, wie den Haushaltsarrangements, dem Alter oder der betrieblichen Situation abhängt. Die Ergebnisse des Beitrags geben Hinweise darauf, dass die postulierten Vermarktlichungstendenzen bei den Beschäftigten empirisch nicht stark ausgeprägt sind." (Autorenreferat

ENERGY UTILIZATION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF MAIZE GRAIN CULTIVARS FOR BROILER CHICKENS

The purpose of the study was to determine nutrients digestibility and energy utilization of nine maize cultivars (Opoka, Boruta, Nysa, Smok, Pioneer PR39H64, Monada, Rustika Eurostar, Pionier G12, Arobase) in broiler chickens. Cultivars differed in a content of CP and EE. In vivo digestibility was measured by a standard method on ninety 42 days old broilers. CP digestibility was calculated using the α-amino nitrogen method. Furthermore, digestible energy (DE) and apparent metabolizable energy (AMEN) as well as nitrogen balance and retention were determined. Maize grain nutritive value and energy utilization in broiler chickens depended on the cultivars. The cultivars characterized by higher content of CP and EE had higher digestibility coeffi cient of these nutrients. The cultivar did not infl uence nitrogen balance and retention. It is recommended to take into a consideration the maize grain cultivars and their chemical composition when a broiler diet is being composed

Dzieło otwarte — jego istota i cechy

The starting point for considerations undertaken in the text constitutes creativity in a psychological perspective. The first part includes a definition of creativity, considerations on the creative process, a creative work and its determinants. Preliminary reflections also concern the role of the creative work in the process of communication. Further on, the text, characterizing an open work, refers to music as one of artistic fields where such works are created. On their example the main assumptions contributing to the “openness” of work were presented. Next, the problem of understanding the notion of “openness” with reference to the attitude of the creator, receiver and work was outlined. The considerations were conducted in the light of gestalt psychology considered to be helpful in explaining the relationship between the receiver and the type of work examined. The whole text can be treated as looking for the surface of the mutual permeation of the theory of art and psychology of works. The content is a result of the reflection on a specific type of creative product, e.g. how the interpretation and understanding of such works takes place, what is being communicated and what is being received in the process of their perception. The text does not answer the above‑mentioned questions because the author, asking them, wanted only to show their importance and necessity in exploring the issues of the creative product

Towards sustainable production and consumption: A novel DEcision-Support Framework IntegRating Economic, Environmental and Social Sustainability (DESIRES)

AbstractThe idea of sustainable production and consumption is becoming a widely-accepted societal goal worldwide. However, its implementation is slow and the world continues to speed down an unsustainable path. One of the difficulties is the sheer complexity of production and consumption systems that would need to be re-engineered in a more sustainable way as well as the number of sustainability constraints that have to be considered and satisfied simultaneously. This paper argues that bringing about sustainable production and consumption requires a systems approach underpinned by life cycle thinking as well as an integration of economic, environmental and social aspects. In an attempt to aid this process, a novel decision-support framework DESIRES has been developed comprising a suite of tools, including scenario analysis, life cycle costing, life cycle assessment, social sustainability assessment, system optimisation and multi-attribute decision analysis. An application of the framework is illustrated by a case study related to energy

Der Arbeitskraftunternehmer ist tot - es lebe der Arbeitskraftunternehmer! Anmerkungen zur Frage der Selbstvermarktung abhängig Beschäftigter

Der vorliegende Essay stellt nach fünfzehn Jahren Diskussion um den Arbeitskraftunternehmer-Ansatz und auf der Basis von neueren empirischen Befunden und unterschiedlichen theoretischen Perspektiven die Frage nach seiner Aktualität. Wir fokussieren auf Selbst-Vermarktungsstrategien auf externen Arbeitsmärkten und diskutieren diese Frage in drei Schritten. Nach einer kurzen Einleitung wird am empirischen Material geprüft, ob und inwieweit Merkmale des Idealtypus in Erwerbsorientierungen von abhängig Beschäftigten ihre Entsprechung finden. Sodann stellen wir mit strukturalistischen und systemtheoretischen Theorieperspektiven Erklärungsansätze und Prognosen vor. Abschließend entwickeln wir die These, dass das Arbeitskraftunternehmer-Theorem weiterhin fruchtbar für die wissenschaftliche Forschung ist und nicht vorzeitig beerdigt werden sollte.The German approach of the Human Capital Entrepreneur (Arbeitskraftun-ternehmer) has been discussed now for fifteen years. On the basis of new empirical material and different theoretical perspectives this essay poses the question whether the approach is still relevant. It focuses on selfmarketing strategies and proceeds in three steps. After a short introduction, we firstly test the approach empirically. Secondly, controversial explanations and prognoses from a structuralist and system theoretical perspective are developed. We thirdly and finally argue that the Human Capital Entrepreneur remains to be a stimulating concept and should not be buried prematurely

The Structure-Properties-Cytotoxicity Interplay: A Crucial Pathway to Determining Graphene Oxide Biocompatibility

Interest in graphene oxide nature and potential applications (especially nanocarriers) has resulted in numerous studies, but the results do not lead to clear conclusions. In this paper, graphene oxide is obtained by multiple synthesis methods and generally characterized. The mechanism of GO interaction with the organism is hard to summarize due to its high chemical activity and variability during the synthesis process and in biological buffers’ environments. When assessing the biocompatibility of GO, it is necessary to take into account many factors derived from nanoparticles (structure, morphology, chemical composition) and the organism (species, defense mechanisms, adaptation). This research aims to determine and compare the in vivo toxicity potential of GO samples from various manufacturers. Each GO sample is analyzed in two concentrations and applied with food. The physiological reactions of an easy model Acheta domesticus (cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative defense, DNA damage) during ten-day lasting exposure were observed. This study emphasizes the variability of the GO nature and complements the biocompatibility aspect, especially in the context of various GO-based experimental models. Changes in the cell biomarkers are discussed in light of detailed physicochemical analysis

Water-Tolerant Trifloaluminate Ionic Liquids: New and Unique Lewis Acidic Catalysts for the Synthesis of Chromane

The first example of triflometallate ionic liquids, named in analogy to chlorometallate ionic liquids, is reported. Trifloaluminate ionic liquids, synthesized from 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium triflates and aluminum triflate, were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy, revealing the existence of oligonuclear, multiply-charged trifloaluminate anions, with multiple bridging triflate modes. Acceptor numbers were determined to quantify their Lewis acidity, rendering trifloaluminate ionic liquids as medium-strength Lewis acids (AN = ca. 65). Used as acidic catalysts in the cycloaddition of 2,4-dimethylphenol and isoprene (molar ratio 2:1) to prepare chromane, trifloaluminate systems outperformed literature systems, showing high activity (conversions 94–99%, selectivities 80–89%) and at low loadings (0.2 mol%) at 35°C. Using these new systems as supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (ionic liquid loading 16 wt%) delivered a recyclable catalytic system, with activity enhanced with respect to the homogenous regime

Risk factors of transplant renal artery stenosis in kidney transplant recipients

Background: Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis (TRAS) is a recognized vascular complication after kidney transplantation. The overall risk predictors of TRAS are poorly understood. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with suspected TRAS (Doppler ultrasound PSV > 200 cm/s) who underwent angiographic study in a single center between 2007 and 2014. All patients with stenosis > 50% were considered with TRAS. Stenosis restricted in the body of the artery was also analyzed in a subgroup. Results: 274 patients were submitted to a renal angiography and 166 confirmed TRAS. TRAS group featured an older population (46.3 ± 11.0 vs. 40.9 ±14.2 years; p = 0.001), more frequent hypertensive nephropathy (30.1% vs. 15.7%; p = 0.01), higher incidence of Delayed Graft Function (DGF) (52.0% vs. 25.6%; p < 0.001) and longer Cold Ischemia Time (CIT) (21.5 ± 10.6 vs. 15.7 ± 12.9h; p < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, DGF (OR = 3.31; 95% CI 1.78‒6.30; p < 0.0001) was independent risk factors for TRAS. DM and CIT showed a tendency towards TRAS. The compound discriminatory capacity of the multivariable model (AUC = 0.775; 95% CI 0.718‒0.831) is significantly higher than systolic blood pressure and creatinine alone (AUC = 0.62; 95% CI 0.558–0.661). In body artery stenosis subgroup, DGF (OR = 1.86; 95% CI 1.04‒3.36; p = 0.03) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) (OR = 2.44; 95% CI 1.31‒4.60; p = 0.005) were independent risk factors for TRAS. Conclusion: In our transplant population, DGF increased more than 3-fold the risk of TRAS. In the subgroup analysis, both DGF and DM increases the risk of body artery stenosis. The addition of other factors to hypertension and renal dysfunction may increase diagnostic accuracy. TRAS Trial registred: clinicaltrials.gov (n° NCT04225338)