Adolescentes Eutróficos Estão Satisfeitos Com O Seu Peso?

The high prevalence of obesity has led to public policies for combating it. People with normal weight may gain greater awareness of this issue and change their perceptions of their weight. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of body weight dissatisfaction among normal-weight adolescents, according to demographic and socioeconomic variables, health-related behavior and morbidities. DESIGN AND SETTING: Population-based cross-sectional study that used data from a health survey conducted in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, in 2008-2009. METHODS: The prevalence and prevalence ratios of weight dissatisfaction were estimated according to independent variables, by means of simple and multiple Poisson regression. RESULTS: 573 normal-weight adolescents aged 10 to 19 years (mean age 14.7 years) were analyzed. The prevalence of weight dissatisfaction was 43.7% (95% confidence interval, CI: 37.8-49.8). Higher prevalences of weight dissatisfaction were observed among females, individuals aged 15 to 19 years, those whose households had eight or more domestic appliances, former smokers, individuals who reported alcohol intake and those who had one or more chronic diseases. Lower prevalence of dissatisfaction was observed among adolescents living in substandard housing. Among the normal-weight adolescents, 26.1% wished to lose weight and 17.6% wished to gain weight. CONCLUSION: The results from this study indicate that even when weight is seen to be within the normal range, a high proportion of adolescents express dissatisfaction with their weight, especially females, older adolescents and those of higher socioeconomic level. © 2016, Associacao Paulista de Medicina. All rights reserved.134321922

Atherogenic lipid profile of Brazilian near-term newborns

Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death in Brazil. Recent studies have shown that low birth weight and preterm birth are linked to a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to compare the levels of lipids and apolipoproteins and atherogenic indexes between term and near-term newborn infants. A sample of umbilical cord blood was obtained from 135 newborns (66 males) divided into two groups: 25 near-term neonates (35-36.6 weeks of gestational age) and 110 term neonates (37-42 weeks of gestational age). The total cholesterol concentrations were higher in the near-term neonates than in the term group (94.04 ± 8.02 vs 70.42 ± 1.63 mg/dl, P < 0.01), due to an increase in the LDL-cholesterol fraction in the near-term group (57.76 ± 6.39 vs 34.38 ± 1.29 mg/dl, P < 0.001). The atherogenic indexes (total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I) were higher in the near-term group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.05, respectively). The gestational age of the newborns was inversely correlated with total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and also with the total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol indexes. These findings demonstrate that the lipid profile is worse in the group of near-term neonates compared with the term group. Future studies are needed to determine if this atherogenic profile in near-term neonates can affect body metabolism, increasing the risk for cardiovascular diseases in adult life.75576

Leptin As A Marker Of Sexual Dimorphism In Newborn Infants

Objective: To determine cord blood leptin levels in newborns appropriate for gestational age, according to gender, birth weight, birth height and ponderal index. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 132 term newborns appropriate for gestational age (68 females, 64 males), gestational age between 35-42 weeks. Data were collected through interviews with the mothers at the maternity, anthropometrycal study of the newborns, and cord blood estradiol, testosterone and leptin assays obtained immediately after birth. Results: The levels of leptin were significantly higher in females than in males (8.34±0.65 ng/ml versus 6.06±0.71 ng/ml; p = 0.000). The concentrations of estradiol and testosterone did not differ between males and females. Leptin levels were positively correlated with gestational age (r = 0.394, p < 0.01), birth weight (r = 0.466, p < 0.01), birth length (r = 0.335, p < 0.01) and ponderal index (r = 0.326, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Leptin concentration in the umbilical cord is positively correlated with gestational age, birth weight, birth height, and ponderal index, suggesting its participation in the neonatal growth process. In addition, a gender difference with higher levels of leptin in females neonates was observed, suggesting that the sexual dimorphism in relation to body composition already exists in newborns. Copyright © 2004 by Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.804305308Zhang, Y., Proenca, R., Maffei, M., Barone, M., Leopold, L., Friedman, J., Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue (1994) Nature, 372, pp. 425-432Seeley, R.J., Schwartz, M.W., Neuroendocrine regulation of food intake (1999) Acta Paediatr Suppl, 88 (428), pp. 58-61Cunningham, M.J., Clifton, D.K., Steiner, R.A., Leptini's actions on the reproductive axis: Perspectives and mechanisms (1999) Biol Reprod, 60, pp. 216-222Koistinen, H.A., Koivisto, V.A., Kontula, K., Andersson, S., Teramo, K.A., Leptin concentration in cord blood correlates with intrauterine growth (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 82, pp. 3328-3330Schubring, C., Kiess, W., Englaro, P., Rascher, W., Dotsch, J., Blum, W., Levels of leptin in maternal serum, amniotic fluid, and arterial and venous cord blood: Relation to neonatal and placental weight (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 82, pp. 1480-1483Tarquini, B., Tarquini, R., Perfetto, F., Cornelissen, G., Halberg, F., Genetic and environmental influences on human cord blood leptin concentration (1999) Pediatrics, 103, pp. 998-1006Alexander, G.R., Himes, J.H., Kaufman, R.B., Mor, J., Kogan, M., A United States National Reference for fetal growth (1996) Obstet Gynecol, 87, pp. 163-168Monte, O., Longui, C.A., Calliari, L.E.P., (1998) Endocrinologia Pediátrica, , São Paulo: Editora AtheneuVan Den Brandle, J.L., Somatomedins on the move (1990) Horm Res, 33, pp. 58-68Gómez, L., Carrascosa, A., Yeste, D., Potau, N., Riqué, S., Almar, J., Leptin values in placental cord blood of human newborns with normal intrauterine growth after 30-42 weeks of gestation (1999) Horm Res, 51, pp. 10-14Vatten, L.J., Nilsen, S.T., Odegård, R.A., Romundstad, P.R., Austgulen, R., Insulin-like growth factor I and leptin in umbilical cord plasma and infant birth size at term (2002) Pediatrics, 109, pp. 1131-1135Hassink, S.G., Lancey, E., Sheslow, D.V., Considine, R.V., Dostal, K., Smith-Kirwin, S.M., Placental leptin: Important new growth factor in intrauterine and neonatal development? (1997) Pediatrics, 100, pp. E1Tamura, T., Goldenberg, R.L., Johnston, K.E., Cliver, S.P., Serum leptin concentrations during pregnancy and their relationship to fetal growth (1998) Obstet Gynecol, 91, pp. 389-395Schubring, C., Englaro, P., Siebler, T., Blum, W.F., Demirakca, T., Kiess, W., Longitudinal analysis of maternal serum leptin levels during pregnancy, at birth and up to six weeks after birth: Relation to body mass index, skinfolds, sex steroids and umbilical blood leptin levels (1998) Horm Res, 50, pp. 276-283Matsuda, J., Yokota, I., Iiida, M., Murakami, T., Naito, E., Ito, M., Serum leptin concentration in cord blood: Relationship to birth weight and gender (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 82, pp. 1642-1644Helland, I.B., Reseland, J.E., Saugstad, O.D., Drevon, C.A., Leptin levels in pregnant women and newborn infants: Gender differences and reduction during the neonatal period (1998) Pediatrics, 101, pp. E12Geary, M., Pringle, P.J., Persaud, M., Wilshin, J., Hindmarsh, P.C., Rodeck, C.H., Leptin concentrations in maternal serum and cord blood: Relationship to maternal anthropometry and fetal growth (1999) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 106, pp. 1054-1060Schulz, S., Häckel, C., Weise, W., Hormonal regulation of neonatal weight: Placental leptin and leptin receptors (2000) BJOG, 107, pp. 1486-1491Lepercq, J., Lahlou, N., Timsit, J., Girard, J., Mouzon, S.H., Macrosomia revisited: Ponderal index and leptin delineate subtypes of fetal overgrowth (1999) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 181, pp. 621-625Papadopoulou, F.G., Mamopoulos, A.M., Triantos, A., Constantinidis, T.C., Papadimas, J., Assimakopoulos, E.A., Leptin levels in maternal and cord serum: Relationship with fetal development and placental weight (2000) J Matern Fetal Med, 9, pp. 298-302Ogueh, O., Sooranna, S., Nicolaides, K.H., Johnson, M.R., The relationship between leptin concentration and bone metabolism in the human fetus (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85, pp. 1997-1999Christou, H., Connors, J.M., Ziotopoulou, M., Hatzidakis, V., Papathanassoglou, E., Ringer, S.A., Cord blood leptin and insulin-like growth factor levels are independent predictors of fetal growth (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86, pp. 935-938Su, P.H., Wang, S.L., Chen, J.Y., Lai, C.P., Jian, S.H., Serum leptin levels in preterm, healthy and sick-term newborns (2002) Acta Paediatr, 43, pp. 249-254. , TaiwanYang, M.J., Liu, R.S., Hung, J.H., Leptin concentrations in the umbilical vein and artery. Relationship to maternal and neonatal anthropometry (2002) J Reprod Med, 47, pp. 645-650Ong, K.K., Ahmed, M.L., Sherriff, A., Woods, K.A., Watts, A., Golding, J., Cord blood leptin is associated with size at birth and predicts infancy weight gain in humans (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 84, pp. 1145-1148Copper, R.L., Goldenberg, R.L., Cliver, S.P., Dubard, M.B., Hoffman, H.J., Davis, R.O., Anthropometric assessment of body size differences of full-term male and female infants (1993) Obstet Gynecol, 81, pp. 161-16

Comparison Of Bone Quantity By Ultrasound Measurements Of Phalanges Between White And Black Children Living In Paraná,brazil, With Europeans

The objective of this study was to determine bone quantity by ultrasound measurements of the proximal fnger phalanges (AD-SoS = amplitude-dependent speed of sound) of healthy Brazilian schoolchildren living in Paraná, Brazil, and to compare these values with European populations. The sample was composed of 1356 Brazilian schoolchildren of both genders (660 males, 696 females), aged 6 to 11 years, divided into white (840) and black (516) groups and compared to age- and gender-matched Europeans. AD-SoS of the schoolchildren increased significantly with age for both genders. Significantly higher AD-SoS values were observed for the white children (1916 ± 58) compared to their black counterparts (1898 ± 72) and for the female gender (1920 ± 61) compared to the male gender (1898 ± 66). Overall, the AD-SoS outcomes for females were similar to those of European studies. However, the AD-SoS of the Brazilian schoolchildren of both genders and skin colors was lower than that reported for children in Poland. AD-SoS outcomes for Brazilian schoolboys were similar to those obtained in Italian studies and were lower than those of the Spanish children. In conclusion, Brazilian schoolchildren of both genders and skin colors showed lower bone quantities than Polish children and Spanish males, and levels similar to Italian children and Spanish females.4310976981Mora, S., Gilsanz, V., Establishment of peak bone mass (2003) En-docrinol Metab Clin North Am, 32, pp. 39-63Silva, C.C., Goldberg, T.B., Teixeira, A.S., Dalmas, J.C., Bone mineralization among male adolescents: Critical years for bone mass gain (2004) J Pediatr, 80, pp. 461-467Habicht, J.P., Martorell, R., Yarbrough, C., Malina, R.M., Klein, R.E., Height and weight standards for preschool children. How relevant are ethnic differences in growth potential? (1974) Lancet, 1, pp. 611-614WHO Working Group (1986) Bull World Health Organ, 64, pp. 929-941. , Use and interpretation of anthropometric indicators of nutri-tional statusCauley, J.A., Lui, L.Y., Stone, K.L., Hillier, T.A., Zmuda, J.M., Hochberg, M., Longitudinal study of changes in hip bone mineral density in Caucasian and African-American women (2005) J Am Geriatr Soc, 53, pp. 183-189Neuner, J.M., Zhang, X., Sparapani, R., Laud, P.W., Nattinger, A.B., Racial and socioeconomic disparities in bone density testing before and after hip fracture (2007) J Gen Intern Med, 22, pp. 1239-1245Leder, B.Z., Araujo, A.B., Travison, T.G., McKinlay, J.B., Racial and ethnic differences in bone turnover markers in men (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 92, pp. 3453-3457Travison, T.G., Araujo, A.B., Esche, G.R., McKinlay, J.B., The relationship between body composition and bone mineral content: Threshold effects in a racially and ethnically diverse group of men (2008) Osteoporos Int, 19, pp. 29-38Travison, T.G., Beck, T.J., Esche, G.R., Araujo, A.B., McKinlay, J.B., Age trends in proximal femur geometry in men: Variation by race and ethnicity (2008) Osteoporos Int, 19, pp. 277-287Hill, D.D., Cauley, J.A., Sheu, Y., Bunker, C.H., Patrick, A.L., Baker, C.E., Correlates of bone mineral density in men of African ancestry: The Tobago bone health study (2008) Osteoporos Int, 19, pp. 227-234INEP (Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Edu-cacionais Anísio Teixeira) Mostre Sua Raça, , http://inep.gov.br/imprensa/noticias/censo/escolar/news05_05.htm, declare sua cor, Accessed July 26, 2010Ribeiro, R.R., Guerra-Junior, G., de Barros-Filho, A., Bone mass in schoolchildren in Brazil: The effect of racial miscegenation, pubertal stage, and socioeconomic differences (2009) J Bone Miner Metab, 27, pp. 494-501Baroncelli, G.I., Federico, G., Bertelloni, S., de Terlizzi, F., Cadossi, R., Saggese, G., Bone quality assessment by quantitative ultrasound of proximal phalanxes of the hand in healthy subjects aged 3-21 years (2001) Pediatr Res, 49, pp. 713-718Gimeno, B.J., Azcona San Julián, C., Sierrasesúmaga Ariznabarreta, L., Bone mineral density determination by os-teosonography in healthy children and adolescents: Normal values (2001) An Esp Pediatr, 54, pp. 540-546Vignolo, M., Brignone, A., Mascagni, A., Ravera, G., Biasotti, B., Aicardi, G., Infuence of age, sex, and growth variables on phalangeal quantitative ultrasound measures: A study in healthy children and adolescents (2003) Calcif Tissue Int, 72, pp. 681-688Vignolo, M., Parodi, A., Mascagni, A., Torrisi, C., de Terlizzi, F., Aicardi, G., Longitudinal assessment of bone quality by quantitative ultrasonography in children and adolescents (2006) Ultrasound Med Biol, 32, pp. 1003-1010Halaba, Z.P., Quantitative ultrasound measurements at hand phalanges in children and adolescents: A longitudinal study (2008) Ultrasound Med Biol, 34, pp. 1547-1553Pena, S.D.J., Bortolini, M.C., Pode a genética defnir quem deve se benefciar das cotas universitárias e demais ações afr- mativas? (2004) Estud Av, 18, pp. 31-50Pena, S.D.J., Bastos-Rodrigues, L., Pimenta, J.R., Bydlowski, S.P., DNA tests probe the genomic ancestry of Brazilians (2009) Braz J Med Biol Res, 42, pp. 870-876Telles, E., (2003) Racismo À Brasileira: Uma Nova Perspectiva Soci-ológica, , Rio De Janeiro: Relume Dumará, Fundação FordOliveira, F., Ser negro no Brasil: Alcances e limites (2004) Estud Av, 18, pp. 57-60Gilsanz, V., Skaggs, D.L., Kovanlikaya, A., Sayre, J., Loro, M.L., Kaufman, F., Differential effect of race on the axial and appendicular skeletons of children (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 83, pp. 1420-1427Nelson, D.A., Simpson, P.M., Johnson, C.C., Barondess, D.A., Kleerekoper, M., The accumulation of whole body skeletal mass in third- and fourth-grade children: Effects of age, gender, ethnicity, and body composition (1997) Bone, 20, pp. 73-78Bell, N.H., Shary, J., Stevens, J., Garza, M., Gordon, L., Edwards, J., Demonstration that bone mass is greater in black than in white children (1991) J Bone Miner Res, 6, pp. 719-723Rupich, R.C., Specker, B.L., Lieuw, A.F., Ho, M., Gender and race differences in bone mass during infancy (1996) Calcif Tissue Int, 58, pp. 395-397Abrams, S.A., O'Brien, K.O., Liang, L.K., Stuff, J.E., Differences in calcium absorption and kinetics between black and white girls aged 5-16 years (1995) J Bone Miner Res, 10, pp. 829-833Bryant, R.J., Wastney, M.E., Martin, B.R., Wood, O., McCabe, G.P., Morshidi, M., Racial differences in bone turnover and calcium metabolism in adolescent females (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 88, pp. 1043-1047Jaime, P.C., Latorre, M.R., Florindo, A.A., Tanaka, T., Zerbini, C.A., Dietary intake of Brazilian black and white men and its relationship to the bone mineral density of the femoral neck (2006) São Paulo Med J, 124, pp. 267-270Bhattoa, H.P., Bettembuk, P., Ganacharya, S., Balogh, A., Prevalence and seasonal variation of hypovitaminosis D and its relationship to bone metabolism in community dwelling postmenopausal Hungarian women (2004) Osteoporos Int, 15, pp. 447-451Wuster, C., Albanese, C., de Aloysio, D., Duboeuf, F., Gambac-Ciani, M., Gonnelli, S., Phalangeal osteosonogrammetry study: Age-related changes, diagnostic sensitivity, and discrimination power (2000) J Bone Miner Res, 15, pp. 1603-1614. , The Phalangeal Osteosonogrammetry Study Grou