TRATAMIENTO DE EFLUENTES TEXTILES POR COAGULACIÓN-FLOCULACIÓN UTILIZANDO ALMIDÓN DE TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. COMO AYUDANTE DEL PROCESO

Textile effluents from Franky & Ricky S.A (Arequipa-Peru) were treated using coagulationflocculation process by the two commercial agents Perifloc and Al2 (SO4)3, and Triticum aestivum L. starch as an aid of the process. The treatment capacity was determined by the degree of removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), pH, and light absorbance (Coloration level). Due to the variance of textile effluent COD, BOD, TSS and coloration, two different optimal doses were established for effluents with high and low coloration of dyes, being 18 and 12 mg·L-1 for Perifloc, and 150 and 50 mg·L-1 for Al2(SO4)3 respectively. The use of T. aestivum starch showed good ability to support textile treatment process effluents when applied to half of the optimal dose of Perifloc at 0.5 g · L-1 for the case of effluents with high loading dye and 0.05 g · L -1 for low load, achieving good characteristics treated effluent for discharge to sewer systems according to the MPVs; however, good results were not achieved in its implementation over half of the optimal dose of the agent Al2(SO3)4, being positive for treating effluents with low load dye effects, only achieving a minimum level of aid applied 0, 05 g · L-1 starch about half the optimal dose (150 mg · L-1) corresponding to the treatment of effluents with high load textile dye.Se trataron efluentes textiles procedentes de la empresa Franky y Ricky S.A. (Arequipa-Peru) por procesos de coagulación-floculación utilizando los agentes comerciales Perifloc y Al2(SO4)3 y almidón de Triticum aestivum L. como ayudante del proceso. Se determinó la capacidad de tratamiento mediante la determinación del grado de remoción de la demanda química de oxigeno (DQO), Demanda bioquímica de oxigeno (DBO5), Sólidos suspendidos totales (SST), pH, temperatura y absorbancia de luz (grado de coloración). Debido a las variación de DQO, DBO5, SST y absorbancia de los efluentes textiles, se establecieron dosis óptimas de aplicación de los agentes coagulantes-floculantes para el tratamiento de efluentes con alta y baja carga de colorantes, siendo 18 y 12 mg·L-1 las dosis para Perifloc, y 150 y 50 mg·L-1 para Al2(SO4)3, respectivamente. El uso de almidón de T. aestivum mostró buena capacidad de ayuda de proceso de tratamiento de efluentes textiles al ser aplicados sobre la mitad de la dosis optima de Perifloc en dosis de 0,5 g·L-1 para el caso de efluentes con alta carga de colorantes y 0,05 g·L -1 para los de baja carga, logrando obtener efluentes tratados con buenas características para su descarga a los sistemas de alcantarillado según los VMAs; sin embargo, no se lograron buenos resultados en su aplicación sobre la mitad de la dosis óptima del agente Al2(SO4)3, no teniendo efectos positivos para tratar efluentes con baja carga de colorantes, solo logrando un grado mínimo de ayuda al aplicar 0,05 g·L-1 de almidón sobre mitad de la dosis óptima (150 mg·L-1) correspondiente para el tratamiento de efluentes textiles con alta carga de colorantes

Towards Human Capture Movement: Estimation of Anatomical Movements of the Shoulder

In this paper we focus on the human arm motion capture, which is motivated by the requirements in physical rehabilitation and training of stroke patients in the same way as monitoring of elderly person activities. The proposed methodology uses a data fusion of low-cost and low-weight MEMS sensors jointly to an a priori knowledge of the arm anatomy. The main goal is to estimate the arm position, the anatomical movements of the shoulder and its accelerations. We propose a discrete optimization based-approach which aims to search the optimal attitude ambiguity directly without decorrelation of ambiguity, and to computing the baseline vector consequently. The originality of this paper is to apply the discrete optimization to track the desired trajectory of a nonlinear system such as the Human Movement in the presence of uncertainties. The global asymptotic convergence of the nonlinear observer is guaranteed. Extensive tests of the presented methodology with real world data illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedure

Humanidades digitales, patrimonio industrial y sistemas técnicos en el Desierto de Atacama

International audienc

Odanacatib for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. results of the LOFT multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and LOFT extension study

Background: Odanacatib, a cathepsin K inhibitor, reduces bone resorption while maintaining bone formation. Previous work has shown that odanacatib increases bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of odanacatib to reduce fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods: The Long-term Odanacatib Fracture Trial (LOFT) was a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, event-driven study at 388 outpatient clinics in 40 countries. Eligible participants were women aged at least 65 years who were postmenopausal for 5 years or more, with a femoral neck or total hip bone mineral density T-score between −2·5 and −4·0 if no previous radiographic vertebral fracture, or between −1·5 and −4·0 with a previous vertebral fracture. Women with a previous hip fracture, more than one vertebral fracture, or a T-score of less than −4·0 at the total hip or femoral neck were not eligible unless they were unable or unwilling to use approved osteoporosis treatment. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to either oral odanacatib (50 mg once per week) or matching placebo. Randomisation was done using an interactive voice recognition system after stratification for previous radiographic vertebral fracture, and treatment was masked to study participants, investigators and their staff, and sponsor personnel. If the study completed before 5 years of double-blind treatment, consenting participants could enrol in a double-blind extension study (LOFT Extension), continuing their original treatment assignment for up to 5 years from randomisation. Primary endpoints were incidence of vertebral fractures as assessed using radiographs collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months, yearly, and at final study visit in participants for whom evaluable radiograph images were available at baseline and at least one other timepoint, and hip and non-vertebral fractures adjudicated as being a result of osteoporosis as assessed by clinical history and radiograph. Safety was assessed in participants who received at least one dose of study drug. The adjudicated cardiovascular safety endpoints were a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, and new-onset atrial fibrillation or flutter. Individual cardiovascular endpoints and death were also assessed. LOFT and LOFT Extension are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (number NCT00529373) and the European Clinical Trials Database (EudraCT number 2007-002693-66). Findings: Between Sept 14, 2007, and Nov 17, 2009, we randomly assigned 16 071 evaluable patients to treatment: 8043 to odanacatib and 8028 to placebo. After a median follow-up of 36·5 months (IQR 34·43–40·15) 4297 women assigned to odanacatib and 3960 assigned to placebo enrolled in LOFT Extension (total median follow-up 47·6 months, IQR 35·45–60·06). In LOFT, cumulative incidence of primary outcomes for odanacatib versus placebo were: radiographic vertebral fractures 3·7% (251/6770) versus 7·8% (542/6910), hazard ratio (HR) 0·46, 95% CI 0·40–0·53; hip fractures 0·8% (65/8043) versus 1·6% (125/8028), 0·53, 0·39–0·71; non-vertebral fractures 5·1% (412/8043) versus 6·7% (541/8028), 0·77, 0·68–0·87; all p<0·0001. Combined results from LOFT plus LOFT Extension for cumulative incidence of primary outcomes for odanacatib versus placebo were: radiographic vertebral fractures 4·9% (341/6909) versus 9·6% (675/7011), HR 0·48, 95% CI 0·42–0·55; hip fractures 1·1% (86/8043) versus 2·0% (162/8028), 0·52, 0·40–0·67; non-vertebral fractures 6·4% (512/8043) versus 8·4% (675/8028), 0·74, 0·66–0·83; all p<0·0001. In LOFT, the composite cardiovascular endpoint of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke occurred in 273 (3·4%) of 8043 patients in the odanacatib group versus 245 (3·1%) of 8028 in the placebo group (HR 1·12, 95% CI 0·95–1·34; p=0·18). New-onset atrial fibrillation or flutter occurred in 112 (1·4%) of 8043 patients in the odanacatib group versus 96 (1·2%) of 8028 in the placebo group (HR 1·18, 0·90–1·55; p=0·24). Odanacatib was associated with an increased risk of stroke (1·7% [136/8043] vs 1·3% [104/8028], HR 1·32, 1·02–1·70; p=0·034), but not myocardial infarction (0·7% [60/8043] vs 0·9% [74/8028], HR 0·82, 0·58–1·15; p=0·26). The HR for all-cause mortality was 1·13 (5·0% [401/8043] vs 4·4% [356/8028], 0·98–1·30; p=0·10). When data from LOFT Extension were included, the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke occurred in significantly more patients in the odanacatib group than in the placebo group (401 [5·0%] of 8043 vs 343 [4·3%] of 8028, HR 1·17, 1·02–1·36; p=0·029, as did stroke (2·3% [187/8043] vs 1·7% [137/8028], HR 1·37, 1·10–1·71; p=0·0051). Interpretation: Odanacatib reduced the risk of fracture, but was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, specifically stroke, in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Based on the overall balance between benefit and risk, the study's sponsor decided that they would no longer pursue development of odanacatib for treatment of osteoporosis. Funding: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, a subsidiary of Merck & Co, Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA