5 research outputs found
Distancia de Siembra Óptima para el Cultivo de Rábano ( Raphanus sativus L. )
El presente ensayo se realizó en la Finca denominada "La Patricia" localizada en Santa Marta Magdalena Colombia, entre los meses de noviembre y diciembre de 1977. El lote está ubicado a una altura sobre el nivel del mar de doce metros, con una temperatura de 29°C. precipitación promedia anual de 650 milímetros, suelo de textura franco arcilloso, humedad relativa promedia de 75%, con una ligera pendiente del 5%. El ensayo se planteó con los siguientes objetivos: 1: Encontrar la mejor distancia de siembra en un cultivo comercial de rábano. 2: De acuerdo a la mejor densidad de siembra observar la producción. El diseño experimental utilizado para esta investigación fue el factorial-parcela dividida, con cuatro replicaciones, las subparcelas con una dimensión de dos metros cuadrados. Se escogió la variedad de rábano GIANT, realizando análisis de varianza y prueba Duncan al 5,1, con once distancias de siembra entre planta (del O al 10) centímetros por cuatro. entre surcos (5- 10- 15- 20) centímetros. En base al análisis de varianza para la producción del cultivo del rábano se pudo observar que existe alta diferencia significativa para la fuente de variación de distancia entre o plantas, entre surcos y para la interacción distancia entre planta por distancia entre surco. Desde el punto de vista del rendimiento del cultivo se puede decir que las mejores distancias de siembra se encuentran entre 5 cm. entre surcos por 5 cm. entre plantas, y de 10 cm. entre surcos por 8 cm. entre llantas, presentándose una mejor calidad comercial en el tratamiento de 5 cm. entre surcos por 5 cm. entre plantas. Es importante anotar también que el área foliar incidió directamente en la producción del producto, es decir, que existe una correlación entre el área foliar dada en cm2 y la producción dada en kilogramos por hectárea. Los bajos rendimientos se presentaron en los tratamientos sembrados a una distancia de 15 cm. entre surcos por 2 cm. y O cm. entre plantas, comprobandose que existió una gran competencia entre ella
Distancia de siembra óptima para el cultivo de rábano (Raphanus sativus L.).
Rábano-Raphanus sativu
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Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study
We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care