The Weibull-Geometric distribution

In this paper we introduce, for the first time, the Weibull-Geometric distribution which generalizes the exponential-geometric distribution proposed by Adamidis and Loukas (1998). The hazard function of the last distribution is monotone decreasing but the hazard function of the new distribution can take more general forms. Unlike the Weibull distribution, the proposed distribution is useful for modeling unimodal failure rates. We derive the cumulative distribution and hazard functions, the density of the order statistics and calculate expressions for its moments and for the moments of the order statistics. We give expressions for the R\'enyi and Shannon entropies. The maximum likelihood estimation procedure is discussed and an algorithm EM (Dempster et al., 1977; McLachlan and Krishnan, 1997) is provided for estimating the parameters. We obtain the information matrix and discuss inference. Applications to real data sets are given to show the flexibility and potentiality of the proposed distribution

Meristematic and meristematic-like fungi in Dothideomycetes

SUPPLEMENTARY MMATERIAL : FIG. S1. Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree of the ITS sequence alignment of the new genus Endophytium and related meristematic and meristematic-like fungi in Dothideomycetes. New taxa are in bold face. Thickened branches indicate full statistical support in all analyses. Confidence values for ML-BS ≥ 70 % (UFboot2/RAxML) are included near the nodes and the “-” indicates statistical support below the threshold values. The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site. The tree was rooted to Xylaria (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes) and Sordaria (Sordariales, Sordariomycetes). Families and orders are shown in coloured blocks and indicated to the right of the tree. FIG. S2. Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree of the LSU sequence alignment of the new genus Endophytium and related meristematic and meristematic-like fungi in Dothideomycetes. New taxa are in bold face. Thickened branches indicate full statistical support in all analyses. Confidence values for ML-BS ≥ 70 % (UFboot2/RAxML) are included near the nodes and the “-” indicates statistical support below the threshold values. The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site. The tree was rooted to Xylaria (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes) and Sordaria (Sordariales, Sordariomycetes). Families and orders are shown in coloured blocks and indicated to the right of the tree. FIG. S3. Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree of the SSU sequence alignment of the new genus Endophytium and related meristematic and meristematic-like fungi in Dothideomycetes. New taxa are in bold face. Thickened branches indicate full statistical support in all analyses. Confidence values for ML-BS ≥ 70 % (UFboot2/RAxML) are included near the nodes and the “-” indicates statistical support below the threshold values. The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site. The tree was rooted to Xylaria (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes) and Sordaria (Sordariales, Sordariomycetes). Families and orders are shown in coloured blocks and indicated to the right of the tree. FIG. S4. Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree of the RPB2 sequence alignment of the new genus Endophytium and related meristematic and meristematic-like fungi in Dothideomycetes. New taxa are in bold face. Thickened branches indicate full statistical support in all analyses. Confidence values for ML-BS ≥ 70 % (UFboot2/RAxML) are included near the nodes and the “-” indicates statistical support below the threshold values. The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site. The tree was rooted to Xylaria (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes) and Sordaria (Sordariales, Sordariomycetes). Families and orders are shown in coloured blocks and indicated to the right of the tree. TABLE S1. Summary of phylogenetic information for the different analyses in this study. TABLE S2. Species, strains/vouchers and GenBank accession numbers of sequences used in phylogenetic analyses. Newly generated sequences are in bold.Meristematic fungi are mainly defined as having aggregates of thick-walled, melanised cells enlarging and reproducing by isodiametric division. Dothideomycetes black meristematic and meristematic-like fungi have been allied to Myriangiales, which currently has two accepted families, Myriangiaceae and Elsinoaceae, with fungi mainly regarded as pathogens, parasites, saprobes and epiphytes of different plant species. This study aimed to verify the phylogenetic position using four nuclear markers (SSU, LSU, ITS and RPB2) of the incertae sedis genera associated with Myriangiales, namely Endosporium, Gobabebomyces, Lembosiniella and Phaeosclera, and the new genus, Endophytium gen. nov. (including E. albocacti sp. nov. and E. cacti sp. nov.), established for endophytic fungi occurring in cacti in Brazil. Based on morphology, lifestyle and phylogenetic inferences, these black meristematic and meristematic-like fungi cannot be accommodated in Myriangiales. Combining these results, three new orders and two new families are introduced: Endophytiales ord. nov. (including Endophytiaceae fam. nov. for Endophytium gen. nov.), Endosporiales ord. nov. (including Endosporiaceae for Endosporium) and Phaeosclerales ord. nov. (including Phaeoscleraceae fam. nov. for Phaeosclera). Gobabebomyces and Lembosiniella remained incertae sedis due to their disposition in the phylogenetic tree, that moved among clades accordingly with the gene analysed. Our results show that the inclusion of endophytic fungi obtained from plants in dry forests can contribute to the discovery of new taxa, clarify the phylogenetic position of allied taxa and confer information to the estimation of national and global fungal diversity.the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, the Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, the Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco, the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás (FAPEG) of Brazil, CAPES, CNPq and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (RISE) under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101008129.https://fuse-journal.orghj2024BiochemistryForestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)GeneticsMicrobiology and Plant PathologySDG-15:Life on lan

A genome-wide association study identified loci for yield component traits in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.).

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) has a complex genome with variable ploidy and frequent aneuploidy, which hampers the understanding of phenotype and genotype relations. Despite this complexity, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) may be used to identify favorable alleles for target traits in core collections and then assist breeders in better managing crosses and selecting superior genotypes in breeding populations. Therefore, in the present study, we used a diversity panel of sugarcane, called the Brazilian Panel of Sugarcane Genotypes (BPSG), with the following objectives: (i) estimate, through a mixed model, the adjusted means and genetic parameters of the five yield traits evaluated over two harvest years; (ii) detect population structure, linkage disequilibrium (LD) and genetic diversity using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers; (iii) perform GWAS analysis to identify marker-trait associations (MTAs); and iv) annotate the sequences giving rise to SSR markers that had fragments associated with target traits to search for putative candidate genes. The phenotypic data analysis showed that the broad-sense heritability values were above 0.48 and 0.49 for the first and second harvests, respectively. The set of 100 SSR markers produced 1,483 fragments, of which 99.5% were polymorphic. These SSR fragments were useful to estimate the most likely number of subpopulations, found to be four, and the LD in BPSG, which was stronger in the first 15 cM and present to a large extension (65 cM). Genetic diversity analysis showed that, in general, the clustering of accessions within the subpopulations was in accordance with the pedigree information. GWAS performed through a multilocus mixed model revealed 23 MTAs, six, three, seven, four and three for soluble solid content, stalk height, stalk number, stalk weight and cane yield traits, respectively. These MTAs may be validated in other populations to support sugarcane breeding programs with introgression of favorable alleles and marker-assisted selectio

Fenologia de novas variedades copas de citros nos Tabuleiros Costeiros do Sul de Sergipe.

O Estado de Sergipe é considerado o quarto maior produtor de citros do Brasil (IBGE, 2014). Estima-se, que a área cultivada com citros esteja próximo aos 57 mil hectares, sendo que 98% desta área destina-se à produção de laranjas, as demais com o cultivo de limoeiros (limeiras ácidas) e tangerineiras. Os pomares estão localizados no Sul do estado, na região dos Tabuleiros Costeiros, compreendendo os municípios de Arauá, Boquim, Cristinápolis, Estância, Indiaroba, Itaporanga d ?ajuda, Itabaianinha, Lagarto, Pedrinhas, Riachão do Dantas, Salgado, Tomar do Geru, Umbaúba e Santa Luzia do Itanhy....bitstream/item/118382/1/Fenologia-de-novas-variedades-Cot136.pd

Levantamento expedito dos solos das reservas florestais de Linhares e Sooretama no Estado do Espírito Santo.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo fornecer subsídios para melhor utilização das Reservas Florestais de Linhares e de Sooretama. Como o manejo florestal não exige mapas de levantamento de solos detalhado, elaborou-se nestas áreas, levantamento expedito dos solos. Este boletim técnico foi realizado para atender os professores e pesquisadores da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) - Projeto Biodiversidade, além de técnicos de outras entidades. A metodologia usada foi a desenvolvida pela Embrapa Solos. Foram usados como material básico, cartas do IBGE na escala 1:100.000. O mapa final é constituído por 12 unidades de mapeamento, com as seguintes classes de solos: LATOSSOLO VERMELHO, ARGISSOLO AMARELO, ESPODOSSOLOS e NEOSSOLOSbitstream/item/89239/1/bpd49-2004-sooretama.pd

Secular Evolution and the Formation of Pseudobulges in Disk Galaxies

We review internal processes of secular evolution in galaxy disks, concentrating on the buildup of dense central features that look like classical, merger-built bulges but that were made slowly out of disk gas. We call these pseudobulges. As an existence proof, we review how bars rearrange disk gas into outer rings, inner rings, and gas dumped into the center. In simulations, this gas reaches high densities that plausibly feed star formation. In the observations, many SB and oval galaxies show central concentrations of gas and star formation. Star formation rates imply plausible pseudobulge growth times of a few billion years. If secular processes built dense central components that masquerade as bulges, can we distinguish them from merger-built bulges? Observations show that pseudobulges retain a memory of their disky origin. They have one or more characteristics of disks: (1) flatter shapes than those of classical bulges, (2) large ratios of ordered to random velocities indicative of disk dynamics, (3) small velocity dispersions, (4) spiral structure or nuclear bars in the bulge part of the light profile, (5) nearly exponential brightness profiles, and (6) starbursts. These structures occur preferentially in barred and oval galaxies in which secular evolution should be rapid. So the cleanest examples of pseudobulges are recognizable. Thus a large variety of observational and theoretical results contribute to a new picture of galaxy evolution that complements hierarchical clustering and merging.Comment: 92 pages, 21 figures in 30 Postscript files; to appear in Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 42, 2004, in press; for a version with full resolution figures, see http://chandra.as.utexas.edu/~kormendy/ar3ss.htm

Dynamics of Barred Galaxies

Some 30% of disc galaxies have a pronounced central bar feature in the disc plane and many more have weaker features of a similar kind. Kinematic data indicate that the bar constitutes a major non-axisymmetric component of the mass distribution and that the bar pattern tumbles rapidly about the axis normal to the disc plane. The observed motions are consistent with material within the bar streaming along highly elongated orbits aligned with the rotating major axis. A barred galaxy may also contain a spheroidal bulge at its centre, spirals in the outer disc and, less commonly, other features such as a ring or lens. Mild asymmetries in both the light and kinematics are quite common. We review the main problems presented by these complicated dynamical systems and summarize the effort so far made towards their solution, emphasizing results which appear secure. (Truncated)Comment: This old review appeared in 1993. Plain tex with macro file. 82 pages 18 figures. A pdf version with figures at full resolution (3.24MB) is available at http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/~sellwood/bar_review.pd