Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Síntesis y caracterización del dodecatungstosilicato de caprolactamo con fórmula (C₆H₁₁NO)₃H₄[SiW₁₂O₄₀]·6H₂O

Fue sintetizado el compuesto 12-tungstosilicato de caprolactamo (C₆H₁₁NO)₃H₄[SiW₁₂O₄₀]·6H₂O, por reacción de soluciones acuosas de caprolactamo y ácido 12- tungstosilícico en relación molar 3:1. El precipitado cristalino fue filtrado, lavado y recristalizado. El hetopolicompuesto fue analizado por espectrometría de masas laser y el nitrógeno por el método de Kjeldahl; difracción de rayos X, RMN ¹H, ¹³C y ²⁹Si; espectroscopía IR y ATG y DTAThe compound caprolactam 12-tungstosilicate (C₆H₁₁NO)₃H₄[SiW₁₂O₄₀]·6H₂O was synthesized, by reaction of aqueous solutions of caprolactam and 12-tungstosilicic acid in 3:1 molar ratio. The crystalline precipitate, was filtered, washed, and recrystallized. The heteropoly compound was analyzed by laser mass spectrometry, and nitrogen by the method of Kjeldahl; X-ray diffraction; RMN ¹H, ¹³C y ²⁹Si; IR spectroscopy, ATG and DT