93 research outputs found
Nasal microbiome disruption and recovery after mupirocin treatment in Staphylococcus aureus carriers and noncarriers
Nasal decolonization procedures against the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus rely on topical antimicrobial drug usage, whose impact on the nasal microbiota is poorly understood. We examined this impact in healthy S. aureus carriers and noncarriers. This is a prospective interventional cohort study of 8 S. aureus carriers and 8 noncarriers treated with nasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine baths. Sequential nasal swabs were taken over 6 months. S. aureus was detected by quantitative culture and genotyped using spa typing. RNA-based 16S species-level metabarcoding was used to assess the living microbial diversity. The species Dolosigranulum pigrum, Moraxella nonliquefaciens and Corynebacterium propinquum correlated negatively with S. aureus carriage. Mupirocin treatment effectively eliminated S. aureus, D. pigrum and M. nonliquefaciens, but not corynebacteria. S. aureus recolonization in carriers occurred more rapidly than recolonization by the dominant species in noncarriers (median 3 vs. 6 months, respectively). Most recolonizing S. aureus isolates had the same spa type as the initial isolate. The impact of mupirocin-chlorhexidine treatment on the nasal microbiota was still detectable after 6 months. S. aureus recolonization predated microbiota recovery, emphasizing the strong adaptation of this pathogen to the nasal niche and the transient efficacy of the decolonization procedure
In search of work
French version available in IDRC Digital Library: Dracunculose au Togo : un ver de tro
Projet dâimplantation dâun port mĂ©thanier -DĂ©bat public organisĂ© par la commission nationale du dĂ©bat public -Obligation de rĂ©serve -Modification du projet initial -Article 6 de la Convention dâAarhus -Qualification de projet dâintĂ©rĂȘt gĂ©nĂ©ral. Tribunal administratif de Rouen, 3 novembre 2011, n° 0802615, avec conclusions
Barray ClĂ©mence. Projet dâimplantation dâun port mĂ©thanier -DĂ©bat public organisĂ© par la commission nationale du dĂ©bat public -Obligation de rĂ©serve -Modification du projet initial -Article 6 de la Convention dâAarhus -Qualification de projet dâintĂ©rĂȘt gĂ©nĂ©ral. Tribunal administratif de Rouen, 3 novembre 2011, n° 0802615, avec conclusions. In: Revue Juridique de l'Environnement, n°3, 2012. pp. 513-539
Travailleurs en exil
Versión en inglés disponible en la Biblioteca Digital del IDRC: Worm within : Togo's battle with dracunculosi
La reconquĂȘte des cours d'eau en milieu urbain : les pratiques paysagistes et les politiques mĂ©tropolitaines dans les projets urbains et paysagers pour la reconquĂȘte des cours d'eau : les cas de la mĂ©tropole nantaise et bordelaise
La prise en compte de la place des cours dâeau en milieu urbain a Ă©tĂ© sujette Ă un changement de paradigme du XX au XXIe siĂšcles et met en lumiĂšre lâimportance du rĂŽle contemporain des paysagistes dans les projets urbains et dans la reconquĂȘte de leurs cours dâeau. Ces pratiques peuvent ĂȘtre de diffĂ©rentes natures autour de la rĂ©ouverture de ruisseaux, allant de la renaturation jusquâĂ la construction dâun ouvrage hydraulique. La question de la reconquĂȘte des ruisseaux en milieu urbain est ici abordĂ©e via une mĂ©thodologie de recherche en deux temps. D'abord par lâĂ©tude des documents de planification et des politiques publiques mĂ©tropolitaines nantaises et bordelaises, ainsi que par des recherches thĂ©oriques autour des notions clefs de la reconquĂȘte des cours dâeau. Ensuite, via des entretiens semi-directifs avec des acteurs, praticiens et habitants des territoires dâĂ©tudes Ă Nantes et Ă Floirac. Le croisement de ces diffĂ©rentes approches permet de mieux cerner la place des cours dâeau dans les projets urbains et d'Ă©valuer les obstacles qui se prĂ©sentent, ou les leviers qui s'offrent, aux paysagistes
Impact des intrants organiques et des conduites culturales sur la biomasse microbienne et la diversité des bactéries telluriques
L'objectif de ce travail est d'analyser, au cours d'une cinétique de 24 mois, les effets de différents types de produits organiques (Boue de STEP, Fumier, Compost de fumier et Compost de boue) sur les communautés microbiennes telluriques, en tenant compte des conduites culturales. Les communautés ont été analysées d'un point de vue quantitatif (dénombrement des bactéries hétérotrophes aérobies cultivables, quantification de l'ADN et du carbone microbien) et par un suivi de l'activité métabolique potentielle (Biolog) et de la diversité génétique (T-RFLP ADNr 16S). Nous avons mis en évidence un impact spécifique transitoire au cours des trois premiers mois suivant l'épandage. L'évolution des communautés semble particuliÚrement influencée par la proportion de carbone minéralisable et de lignine (Van Soest) dans les produits organiques. L'influence du labour et des végétaux implantés est également révélée par l'évolution de la structure des communautés bactériennes au cours de la cinétique.The aim of this work is to analyse the effects of four different organic products (turkey manure, compost of turkey manure and ligneous wastes, sewage sludge and compost of sewage sludge) on soil microbial communities in function of agricultural managements, during a 24 months kinetic. The microbial communities were characterised in a quantitative point of view (enumeration of heterotrophic cultivable bacteria, assay of soil total, microbial carbon assay) and in a qualitative one by potential metabolic fingerprinting (Biolog) and genetic structure of soil bacterial communities (T-RFLP 16S rDNA). A transitory impact specific to the different organic products was shown. The impact of organic products on microbial biomass and on bacterial community structure seemed to depend on their rate of lignin (Van Soest) and of mineralisable carbon. The influence of the tillage and the vegetation was revealed by the evolution of bacterial community structure during the 24 months of the experiments.ROUEN-BU Sciences (764512102) / SudocSudocFranceF
Go Green in the Automotive Industry : Open and Networked Innovation applied by Tesla Motors and Renault
In todayâs economical world, companies realize the importance to build corporate strategies on innovation to sustain a continuous profitability. Innovation is a crucial issue to develop a competitive advantage. In our networked economy, companies can not only rely on in-house activities anymore to raise creative and come up with breakthrough innovations they need to collaborate with actors from the external environment. Firms have to think outside their own boundaries to leverage the complementary resources and capabilities needed to innovate. Partnerships help to ensure firmsâ future successes. The purpose of our study is to understand how companies, operating in the automotive industry, integrate âOpen and Networked Innovationâ concepts in their corporate strategy to enhance their environmental friendly profile. As far as the EV market is concerned, our study will also lead to determine the Key Factors of Success and the barriers that companies have to face when they want to launch an electric car in the market. Various theoretical approaches have been developed over the time about Open Innovation and Networked Innovation. The dilemma of paradoxical organization needs of radical innovation, exposed by Dr Sigvald Harryson, is our theoretical starting-point to analyze companyâs ability to find the right equilibrium between exploration and exploitation and absorptive capacity. Further on, we explore the question of absorptive capacity to know how firms identify, acquire, transfer and transform knowledge. Thereafter, the theoretical framework is confronted with empirical data based on a qualitative and abductive approach of two case studies â Tesla and Renault. Interviews with Tesla, located in the Silicon Valley, California, USA, have been conducted. We also met two key employees in Renaultâs headquarter, Paris, France. Interpretation and explanation of the data collected is reported in our analysis of each case as well as in the cross-case analysis. A presentation of our recommendations and conclusions conclude our master thesis
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