Spectral analysis of 50 GRBs detected by HETE-2

FREGATE, the gamma-ray detector of HETE-2 is entirely dedicated to the study of GRBs. Its main characteristic is its broad energy range, from 7 keV to 400 keV. This energy range can be further extended down to 2 keV using the data from the WXM, the X-ray detector of HETE-2. Such a large energy range allows to study in details the prompt emission of GRBs, determining with a high precision their spectral parameters. Moreover, because this energy range extends at low energies, the sample of GRBs detected by both FREGATE and WXM contains a significant fraction of X-Ray Rich GRBs and X-Ray Flashes. We present here the distributions of the spectral parameters mesured for the time integrated spectra of 50 GRBs. We put emphasis on the distribution of the low energy spectral index alpha. Because FREGATE and WXM detected all classes of GRBs, we also discuss the connection between GRBs, X-Ray Rich GRBs and X-Ray Flashes.Comment: 4 pages aipTEX, contribution to the 2003 GRB Conference, held at Santa Fe,N

Poverty Effects from Trade Liberalisation in Argentina

This paper aims at analyzing the linkages between international trade openness and poverty in Argentina. Under a specific-factors setting, a two-step procedure is presented. In the first stage the change in prices of goods and factors in both tradable and non-tradable sectors, after a trade liberalisation episode, is considered. In a second step, these variations are applied to assess the changes in poverty and households’ welfare. A micro-simulation approach, using households’ survey data, is applied in this last stage. The results of the research are important since they provide an assessment of the impact trade policies have on poverty.

La justice au hasard – De quelques motifs juridiques de supprimer les jurys populaires

International audienceIf the presence of jurors in the criminalcourts, and more generally in the heart of justice, seems at first indisputable, thereality is very different. A judge, since he has proven that he has a perfectindependence and competence, wins more legitimacy that any citizen chosen atrandom. Moreover, it does not concern democracy. Accordingly, to question thelegitimacy of juries is not to be subversive ; it is to be realist and objective.Delivering justice is a matter serious enough to not be left to the clumsy hands ofchance.Si le bien-fondé de la présence de jurés populaires parmi les cours d’assises – et,plus généralement, au coeur des rouages de la justice – semble de prime abordindiscuté et indiscutable, qui s’attarde quelques instants sur la question comprendcombien il s’agit en réalité d’une parfaite illusion d’optique. Un juge, dès lors qu’il aapporté la preuve de son indépendance et de sa compétence, profite d’une toute autrelégitimité qu’un citoyen tiré au sort dans le melting-pot populaire ; car le tirage ausort ne possède rien de commun avec la démocratie. Partant, discuter l’utilité etl’efficacité des jurys ne relève nullement d’un acte de subversion, c’est faire preuvede réalisme et d’objectivité. Rendre la justice est une affaire suffisamment sérieusepour ne pas être abandonnée aux mains maladroites du hasard. Ces quelques pagess’en vont le démontrer

La sociologie du droit

International audienceLa sociologie juridique, une branche de la recherche juridiqu

Le droit comparé

International audienceLe droit comparé, une branche de la recherche juridiqu