616 research outputs found
Exactly solvable models of adaptive networks
A satisfiability (SAT-UNSAT) transition takes place for many optimization
problems when the number of constraints, graphically represented by links
between variables nodes, is brought above some threshold. If the network of
constraints is allowed to adapt by redistributing its links, the SAT-UNSAT
transition may be delayed and preceded by an intermediate phase where the
structure self-organizes to satisfy the constraints. We present an analytic
approach, based on the recently introduced cavity method for large deviations,
which exactly describes the two phase transitions delimiting this adaptive
intermediate phase. We give explicit results for random bond models subject to
the connectivity or rigidity percolation transitions, and compare them with
numerical simulations.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Phase transitions of quasistationary states in the Hamiltonian Mean Field model
The out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model is
studied in presence of an externally imposed magnetic field h. Lynden-Bell's
theory of violent relaxation is revisited and shown to adequately capture the
system dynamics, as revealed by direct Vlasov based numerical simulations in
the limit of vanishing field. This includes the existence of an
out-of-equilibrium phase transition separating magnetized and non magnetized
phases. We also monitor the fluctuations in time of the magnetization, which
allows us to elaborate on the choice of the correct order parameter when
challenging the performance of Lynden-Bell's theory. The presence of the field
h removes the phase transition, as it happens at equilibrium. Moreover, regions
with negative susceptibility are numerically found to occur, in agreement with
the predictions of the theory.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure
Algebraic damping in the one-dimensional Vlasov equation
We investigate the asymptotic behavior of a perturbation around a spatially
non homogeneous stable stationary state of a one-dimensional Vlasov equation.
Under general hypotheses, after transient exponential Landau damping, a
perturbation evolving according to the linearized Vlasov equation decays
algebraically with the exponent -2 and a well defined frequency. The
theoretical results are successfully tested against numerical -body
simulations, corresponding to the full Vlasov dynamics in the large limit,
in the case of the Hamiltonian mean-field model. For this purpose, we use a
weighted particles code, which allows us to reduce finite size fluctuations and
to observe the asymptotic decay in the -body simulations.Comment: 26 pages, 8 figures; text slightly modified, references added, typos
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Large deviation techniques applied to systems with long-range interactions
We discuss a method to solve models with long-range interactions in the
microcanonical and canonical ensemble. The method closely follows the one
introduced by Ellis, Physica D 133, 106 (1999), which uses large deviation
techniques. We show how it can be adapted to obtain the solution of a large
class of simple models, which can show ensemble inequivalence. The model
Hamiltonian can have both discrete (Ising, Potts) and continuous (HMF, Free
Electron Laser) state variables. This latter extension gives access to the
comparison with dynamics and to the study of non-equilibri um effects. We treat
both infinite range and slowly decreasing interactions and, in particular, we
present the solution of the alpha-Ising model in one-dimension with
How should we define STAT3 as an oncogene and as a potential target for therapy?
Aberrant activation of the STAT3 transcription factor has been reported in a large group of tumors and a strong biological basis now defines this protein as an oncogenic driver. Consequently, STAT3 is considered to be a promising target in the field of cancer therapy. For its inhibition to result in a successful therapeutic approach, the definition of a target tumor population identified by specific and detectable alterations is critical. The canonical activation model of STAT3 relies on a constitutive phosphorylation on its 705 tyrosine site, resulting in its dimerization, nuclear translocation, and the consequent activation of cancer genes. Therefore, it is expected that tumors expressing this phosphorylated form are addicted to STAT3 and will be sensitive to existing drugs which are targeting this dimeric form. However, recent results have shown that STAT3 can function as an oncogene in the absence of this tyrosine phosphorylation. This indicates that different forms of the transcription factor also play an important role in tumor growth and chemotherapy resistance. This complicates the definition of STAT3 as an oncogene and as a potential prognosis and predictive biomarker. The obligation to target a defined tumor type implies that future clinical trials should use a precise definition of STAT3 activation. This will allow tumors addicted to this oncogene to be identified correctly, leading to a strong rationale for patient stratification
Long-range gravitational-like interaction in a neutral atomic cold gas
A quasi-resonant laser induces a long-range attractive force within a cloud
of cold atoms. We take advantage of this force to build in the laboratory a
system of particles with a one-dimensional gravitational-like interaction, at a
fluid level of modeling. We give experimental evidences of such an interaction
in a cold Strontium gas, studying the density profile of the cloud, its size as
a function of the number of atoms, and its breathing oscillations.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Published in PRA 87, 013401 (2013
Ensemble Inequivalence in the Spherical Spin Glass Model with Nonlinear Interactions
We investigate the ensemble inequivalence of the spherical spin glass model
with nonlinear interactions of polynomial order . This model is solved
exactly for arbitrary and is shown to have first-order phase transitions
between the paramagnetic and spin glass or ferromagnetic phases for .
In the parameter region around the first-order transitions, the solutions give
different results depending on the ensemble used for the analysis. In
particular, we observe that the microcanonical specific heat can be negative
and the phase may not be uniquely determined by the temperature.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figure
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