4,413 research outputs found
Price expectations and price dynamics: the case of the rice sector in developing Asia
Uncertainty is a crucial issue for producers who must make input decisions without knowing prices and without perfect knowledge of realized output. In this context, price expectations strongly determine the production choices and market prices that result from market-clearing conditions. This study analyzed the role that price expectations play in price dynamics, developing a theoretical model of trade in varieties following Armington (1969) and augmented with yield and price uncertainty to highlight several main determinants of domestic producer prices, including exchange rates, proximity to world markets, input prices, natural disasters, and producers' expectations. An econometric estimation of the rice sector, using a panel of 13 developing Asian countries during 1965-2003, confirmed that expectations count, with a 1% increase in the expected price resulting in a 1.18% decrease in the market price. A simulation exercise based on these empirical results demonstrated that forecasting errors are large. Specifically, Asian rice farmers have a 50% chance of making prediction errors of 10% or more on the final market price. This high error rate suggests the need for developing ways of sharing information, such as radio programs dedicated to agricultural producers or the introduction of futures markets, to stabilize agricultural incomes.Rice ; Asia ; price dynamics ; price expectations ;
Classical Heisenberg spins with long-range interactions: Relaxation to equilibrium for finite systems
Systems with long-range interactions often relax towards statistical
equilibrium over timescales that diverge with , the number of particles. A
recent work [S. Gupta and D. Mukamel, J. Stat. Mech.: Theory Exp. P03015
(2011)] analyzed a model system comprising globally coupled classical
Heisenberg spins and evolving under classical spin dynamics. It was numerically
shown to relax to equilibrium over a time that scales superlinearly with .
Here, we present a detailed study of the Lenard-Balescu operator that accounts
at leading order for the finite- effects driving this relaxation. We
demonstrate that corrections at this order are identically zero, so that
relaxation occurs over a time longer than of order , in agreement with the
reported numerical results.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures; v2: minor changes, published versio
Overemployment, Underemployment and the opportunity cost of time
Focusing on individual labor market positions, this article proposes a new approach to elicit and measure constraints faced by rural households. Under market imperfections, individuals fail to equalize their hourly income to their shadow wage and become over- or underemployed. We estimate and explain this gap in a stochastic frontier framework for rural Vietnam. Both employees and farmers are found to fail in equalizing their hourly income to their shadow wage. Constraints faced by farmers are found to be stronger than that of employees: farmers' marginal revenue of labor is 3 times higher than their shadow wage while market wages earned by employees are 1.5 times higher than their shadow wages. Price risk is found to be the most important constraint faced by Vietnamese rural farmers while employees would benefit from the development of the road network.Market imperfections ; Shadow wages ; Allocative efficiency ; Vietnam
The 4-string Braid group has property RD and exponential mesoscopic rank
We prove that the braid group on 4 strings, as well as its central
quotient , have the property RD of Haagerup-Jolissaint. It follows
that the automorphism group \Aut(F_2) of the free group on 2 generators
has property RD. We also prove that the braid group is a group of
intermediate rank (of dimension 3). Namely, we show that both and its
central quotient have exponential mesoscopic rank, i.e., that they contain
exponentially many large flat balls which are not included in flats.Comment: reference added, minor correction
Bifurcations and singularities for coupled oscillators with inertia and frustration
We prove that any non zero inertia, however small, is able to change the
nature of the synchronization transition in Kuramoto-like models, either from
continuous to discontinuous, or from discontinuous to continuous. This result
is obtained through an unstable manifold expansion in the spirit of J.D.
Crawford, which features singularities in the vicinity of the bifurcation. Far
from being unwanted artifacts, these singularities actually control the
qualitative behavior of the system. Our numerical tests fully support this
picture.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Microcanonical solution of lattice models with long range interactions
We present a general method to obtain the microcanonical solution of lattice
models with long range interactions. As an example, we apply it to the long
range Ising chain, focusing on the role of boundary conditions.Comment: 6 pages, proceedings of the NEXT 2001 conferenc
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