Txakoli vineyard's microbiome: an omic perspective

124 p.Metagenomics has revolutionized the agricultural microbial ecology. In particular, the adoption of suchtechnique in viticulture dates back to 10 years, where the microbial diversity and composition ofgrapevine and wine environment have been studied.The aim of this study is to characterize the bacterial diversity and composition of the soil and H. zurigrape variety all over the 3 Designation of Origin of txakoli in the Basque Country, using highthroughputsequencing. This research shows that soil and grape bacteriome differs significantly amongvineyards, but no DO-specific bacterial profile was identified, suggesting that the Txakoli viticulturalregion of the Basque Country represents a single bacterial terroir. Yeast and fungal studies that trackmicroorganisms in the field, cellar and in winemaking processes are needed to unravel whether the finalwine has a microbial terroir and at what step differentiation begins. Soil samples bacterial communitiesare driven by pH, while grape bacteriome is influenced by rootstock genotype. Interestingly both soil andgrape microbiota were shown to be affected by distance from the sea or the influence of sea breeze.Further analyses should be conducted to gain more knowledge on the influence of microclimatic factorson grape microbial ecology, so that wine growers can use this information to improve grape quality andwine characteristics

Differences in honey bee bacterial diversity andcomposition in agricultural and pristine environments–afield study

Agrochemicals and biocides are suspected to cause a dysbiosis of honey bee microbiota, decreasing colonies ability to respond to the environment. As a first step to investigate agriculture and beekeeping impact, hives bacteriomes from an anthropized environment (Agri-env) were compared to that of pristine's (Prist-env). 16S rRNA sequencing evidenced differences in richness and composition between sample types (Gut (G), Brood (B), Bee-bread (BB)) and environments. Higher opportunist loads and shifts toward taxa capable of metabolizing insecticides were observed in G and B at Agri-env, while beneficial bacteria were enriched in Prist-env. Bacteria in BB did not differ, the acidity of the niche outweighing the influence of external factors. Results showed the environment plays a major role in shaping honey bee microbiota, the agricultural realm inducing a bacterial disruption that would let to colonies vulnerability. In contrast, a less susceptible bee will be promoted in less anthropized locations.The authors thank for technical and human support provided by General Genomics Service -Sequencing and Genotyping Unit -SGIker of UPV/EHU and European funding (ERDF and ESF). We are grateful to Dr. Mikel Aguirre for his support with bioinformatics. We are also grateful to the "Sustainable Management of Resilient Bee Populations (SMARTBEES) project (7PM-COOP-LCP13/08) for their collaboration. This research was supported by the Genomic Resources research group (http://www.genomic-resources.eus) of the Basque University System (IT1014-16) supported by the Department of Education, Universities and Research of the Basque government. Editoria

Response of Horticultural Soil Microbiota to Different Fertilization Practices

Environmentally friendly agricultural production necessitates manipulation of microbe–plant interactions, requiring a better understanding of how farming practices influence soil microbiota. We studied the effect of conventional and organic treatment on soil bacterial richness, composition, and predicted functional potential. 16S rRNA sequencing was applied to soils from adjacent plots receiving either a synthetic or organic fertilizer, where two crops were grown within treatment, homogenizing for differences in soil properties, crop, and climate. Conventional fertilizer was associated with a decrease in soil pH, an accumulation of Ag, Mn, As, Fe, Co, Cd, and Ni; and an enrichment of ammonia oxidizers and xenobiotic compound degraders (e.g., Candidatus Nitrososphaera, Nitrospira, Bacillus, Pseudomonas). Soils receiving organic fertilization were enriched in Ti (crop biostimulant), N, and C cycling bacteria (denitrifiers, e.g., Azoarcus, Anaerolinea; methylotrophs, e.g., Methylocaldum, Methanosarcina), and disease-suppression (e.g., Myxococcales). Some predicted functions, such as glutathione metabolism, were slightly, but significantly enriched after a one-time manure application, suggesting the enhancement of sulfur regulation, nitrogen-fixing, and defense of environmental stressors. The study highlights that even a single application of organic fertilization is enough to originate a rapid shift in soil prokaryotes, responding to the differential substrate availability by promoting soil health, similar to recurrent applications.This work was supported by the Earth Microbiome Project; the METAMAHA project funded by the Basque Government’s Department of Industry, Trade, and Tourism (SAIOTEK program; S-PE13UN130); and IT1014-16 and IT1213-19 Consolidated Research Group Projects

Response of Horticultural Soil Microbiota to Different Fertilization Practices.

Environmentally friendly agricultural production necessitates manipulation of microbe-plant interactions, requiring a better understanding of how farming practices influence soil microbiota. We studied the effect of conventional and organic treatment on soil bacterial richness, composition, and predicted functional potential. 16S rRNA sequencing was applied to soils from adjacent plots receiving either a synthetic or organic fertilizer, where two crops were grown within treatment, homogenizing for differences in soil properties, crop, and climate. Conventional fertilizer was associated with a decrease in soil pH, an accumulation of Ag, Mn, As, Fe, Co, Cd, and Ni; and an enrichment of ammonia oxidizers and xenobiotic compound degraders (e.g., Candidatus Nitrososphaera, Nitrospira, Bacillus, Pseudomonas). Soils receiving organic fertilization were enriched in Ti (crop biostimulant), N, and C cycling bacteria (denitrifiers, e.g., Azoarcus, Anaerolinea; methylotrophs, e.g., Methylocaldum, Methanosarcina), and disease-suppression (e.g., Myxococcales). Some predicted functions, such as glutathione metabolism, were slightly, but significantly enriched after a one-time manure application, suggesting the enhancement of sulfur regulation, nitrogen-fixing, and defense of environmental stressors. The study highlights that even a single application of organic fertilization is enough to originate a rapid shift in soil prokaryotes, responding to the differential substrate availability by promoting soil health, similar to recurrent applications