Forecasting neuromuscular recovery after anterior cruciate ligament injury: Athlete recovery profiles with generalized additive modeling

A retrospective analysis of longitudinally collected athlete monitoring data wasconducted to generate a model of neuromuscular recovery after anterior cruciateligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction (ACLR). Neuromuscular testing data in-cluding countermovement jump (CMJ) force‐time asymmetries and knee extensorstrength (maximum voluntary contractionext) asymmetries (between‐limb asymmetryindex—AI) were obtained from athletes with ACLR using semitendinosus (ST) au-tograft (n= 29; AI measurements: n= 494), bone patellar tendon bone autograft(n= 5; AI measurements:n= 88) and noninjured controls (n= 178; AI measurements:n= 3188). Explosive strength measured as the rate of torque development was alsocalculated. CMJ force‐time asymmetries were measured over discrete movementphases (eccentric deceleration phase, concentric phase). Separate additive mixedeffects models (additive mixed effects model [AMM]) were fit for each AI with amain effect for the surgical technique and a smooth term for the time since surgery(days). The models explained between 43% and 91% of the deviance in neuro-muscular recovery after ACLR. The mean time course was generated from the AMM.Comparative neuromuscular recovery profiles of an athlete with an acceleratedprogression and an athlete with a delayed progression after a serious multiligamentinjury were generated. Clinical Significance: This paper provides a new perspectiveon the utility of longitudinal athlete monitoring including routine testing to developmodels of neuromuscular recovery after ACLR that can be used to characterizeindividual progression throughout rehabilitation

Mindfulness-based interventions for young offenders: a scoping review

Youth offending is a problem worldwide. Young people in the criminal justice system have frequently experienced adverse childhood circumstances, mental health problems, difficulties regulating emotions and poor quality of life. Mindfulness-based interventions can help people manage problems resulting from these experiences, but their usefulness for youth offending populations is not clear. This review evaluated existing evidence for mindfulness-based interventions among such populations. To be included, each study used an intervention with at least one of the three core components of mindfulness-based stress reduction (breath awareness, body awareness, mindful movement) that was delivered to young people in prison or community rehabilitation programs. No restrictions were placed on methods used. Thirteen studies were included: three randomized controlled trials, one controlled trial, three pre-post study designs, three mixed-methods approaches and three qualitative studies. Pooled numbers (n = 842) comprised 99% males aged between 14 and 23. Interventions varied so it was not possible to identify an optimal approach in terms of content, dose or intensity. Studies found some improvement in various measures of mental health, self-regulation, problematic behaviour, substance use, quality of life and criminal propensity. In those studies measuring mindfulness, changes did not reach statistical significance. Qualitative studies reported participants feeling less stressed, better able to concentrate, manage emotions and behaviour, improved social skills and that the interventions were acceptable. Generally low study quality limits the generalizability of these findings. Greater clarity on intervention components and robust mixed-methods evaluation would improve clarity of reporting and better guide future youth offending prevention programs

Der Verbund von Kohle, Stahl und Kernenergie : das Verbundsystem "Wasserdampf-Kohle-Vergasung mit HTR-Wärme und Klöckner-Stahl-Gas-Verfahren" : Vorteile und Probleme

The Integrated System "Steam-Coal-Gasification (SCG) and Klöckner-Steel-Gas-Process (KSG)" for the production of methanol and pig iron on the basis of bituminous coal and nuclear energy in the form of high temperature heat from the HTR is described with balances and cost data. The advantages and the problems of the 'Integrated System are discussed. It is favourable that a large economic potential is opened up and that economic attractiveness is feasible, compared with the marketing situation of 1984/85. Of disadvantage is the increased complexity. A brief comment is made on the state of development and potentials of improvements are shown

Zukünftige Energietechniken als Option der neuartigen horizontal integrierten Energiesysteme

Considerations an the future supply of energy an the basis of today`s available or in principle available technologies and resources. Discussion of options of energy systems. Formulation of talks for research and development an the techlogies of energy conversion systems

Druckausgleichsvorgänge zwischen Behältern

Caloulation formula for conditions at pressure compensation between two containers filled with gas are developed for adiabatic and isothermal expansion by means of a simple container model. These formula are used for the "Break of a pressure-retaining wall in the primary circuit" of a process he g t reactor (gascooled high-temperature pebble-bed reactor of a non-integrated systeri, e. g. for the accident "Break of a coaxial conduct" . The influence of different Parameters are studied

Anmerkungen zur thermochemischen Produktion von Wasserstoff aus Wasser mittels Hochtemperaturreaktor-Wärme

In this report, some aspects of the production of hydrogen from water using heat from the High Temperature Reactor has been studied. These aspects are: the theoretical potential for economic competitivness, the application of hydrogen in the Heat Market, the"size of the market potential in the Federal Republic of Germany and the extent of research and development work. In addition another novel proposal for a thermochemical cycle has been studied. For the description of the theoretical potential for economic competitivness, a definition of the "coupling", has been introduced, which is thermodynamicaly developed; the thermochemical cycle is compared with the thermomechanical cycle. Using the coupling, it becomes possible to describe a relation between thermodynamical parameters and the economical basic data of capital costs. Reasons are given from the theoretical point of view for the application of hydrogen as an energy carrier of high exergetic value in the heat market. The discussion of energy problems as "questions of global survival" leads here to a proposal for the introduction of the term "extropy". The market potential in the Federal Republic of Germany is estimated. A further novel proposal for a thermochemical cycle is the "hydrocarbon-hybrid-process". The extent of research and development work is explained

Arbeitsvermögen von Fluidkörpern beim Bersten von Behältern: ein Vergleich der Berstgefahr von Behältern mit dem Prozesswärmereaktor

For the purpose of making a comparison between the steam-generator pressure-vessel of a process-heat reactor PR 500 and the reactor pressure-vessels of a Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) and a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR), a pessimistic estimation is made an the magnitude of the work done by fluids in bursting pressure vessels . This value is of decisive influence an the disturbing effects during bursting of vessels . lt is found that the work done by the inventory of the reactor pressure vessel of a BWR is 200 times higher than that of the helium inventory in the steam-generator pressurevessel of the process-heat reactor PR 500 . This is amongst others explainecl by the fast that the isentropic compressibility of water steam is higher than that of helium . Other important differing characteristics are given for the steam-generator pressure-vessel of the process-heat reactor PR 500 and the reactor pressure vessel of water reactors

Ansätze zur Beschreibung der Trennung von Stoffgemischen in der Technik, zur Sache der Null Emission

The separation of mixtures of substances is of great importance in industrial and energy conversion processes. Proposals are male an the appropiate description of the relation between concentrations of mixtures of substances in separation processes and the requirements of energy and capital for the process. These proposals are applied to a number of examples. Principle criteria for the definition of "Zero-Emission" are discussed. The potential of improvement of the retention of environmentally harmful substances is demonstrated with thenuclear coal gasification in comparison to the production of electricity from coal

Oil sand synfuel production using nuclear energy

The importance of oil sand as a primary energy carrier is illustrated. The oil sand mining project "synfuel" in Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada, is described. On the basis of a layout of an In-situ-process different possibilities of introducing nuclear energy to the process are described. This leads to an increase of the product yield, leading finally to a doubling of the energy Output compared to the reference layout. The introduction of nuclear energy contributes to the reduction of emissions, in particular to the emission of carbon dioxide in the conversion process