11 research outputs found
Somatic Mutations Profile of a Young Patient With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Reveals Mutations in Genes Involved in Ion Channels
Background: Urothelial carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the bladder and is primarily considered as a disease of the elderly. Studies that address bladder tumor occurrence in young age groups are rare.Case Presentation: A 19-year-old male presented with a gross total painless hematuria. A histology after biopsy revealed a high-grade transitional cell carcinoma with lymph node metastasis. The patient succumbed to the disease on day 72 of the treatment. Here, we used whole-exome sequencing of a paired tumor-normal sample to identify the somatic mutations and the possible targets of treatment.Result: We predicted eight potential driver mutations (TP53 p.V157L, RB1 c.1498+1G>T, MED23 p.L1127P, CTNND1 p.S713C, NSD1 p.P2212A, MED17 p.G556V, DPYD p.Q814K, and SPEN p.S1078*). In addition, we predicted deleterious mutations in genes involved in the ion channels (CACNA1S p.E1581K, CACNG1 p.P71T, CACNG8 p.G404W, GRIN2B p.A1096T, KCNC1 p.G16V, KCNH4 p.E874K, KCNK9 p.R131S, P2RX7 p.A296D, and SCN8A p.R558H).Conclusions: Most likely, mutations in genes involved in ion channels may be responsible for the aggressive behavior of a tumor. Ion channels are the second largest class of drug targets, and may thus serve as a putative potential therapeutic target in advanced stage urothelial carcinoma
Bioinformatics Analysis of Global Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Data Sets Revealed Activation of NEK2 and AURKA in Cancers
Tumor heterogeneity attributes substantial challenges in determining the treatment regimen. Along with the conventional treatment, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, targeted therapy has greater impact in cancer management. Owing to the recent advancements in proteomics, we aimed to mine and re-interrogate the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) data sets which contain deep scale, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic and phosphoproteomic data sets conducted on human tumor samples. Quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic data sets of tumor samples were explored and downloaded from the CPTAC database for six different cancers types (breast cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC), colon cancer, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), ovarian cancer, and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC)). We identified 880 phosphopeptide signatures for differentially regulated phosphorylation sites across five cancer types (breast cancer, colon cancer, LUAD, ovarian cancer, and UCEC). We identified the cell cycle to be aberrantly activated across these cancers. The correlation of proteomic and phosphoproteomic data sets identified changes in the phosphorylation of 12 kinases with unchanged expression levels. We further investigated phosphopeptide signature across five cancer types which led to the prediction of aurora kinase A (AURKA) and kinases-serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek2 (NEK2) as the most activated kinases targets. The drug designed for these kinases could be repurposed for treatment across cancer types
N-Glycoproteomic Profiling Reveals Alteration In Extracellular Matrix Organization In Non-Type Bladder Carcinoma
Treatment of advanced and metastatic bladder carcinoma is often ineffective and displays variable clinical outcomes. Studying this aggressive molecular subtype of bladder carcinoma will lead to better understanding of the pathogenesis which may lead to the identification of new therapeutic strategies. The non-type bladder subtype is phenotypically mesenchymal and has mesenchymal features with a high metastatic ability. Post-translational addition of oligosaccharide residues is an important modification that influences cellular functions and contributes to disease pathology. Here, we report the comparative analysis of N-linked glycosylation across bladder cancer subtypes. To analyze the glycosite-containing peptides, we carried out LC-MS/MS-based quantitative proteomic and glycoproteomic profiling. We identified 1299 unique N-linked glycopeptides corresponding to 460 proteins. Additionally, we identified 118 unique N-linked glycopeptides corresponding to 84 proteins to be differentially glycosylated only in non-type subtypes as compared to luminal/basal subtypes. Most of the altered glycoproteins were also observed with changes in their global protein expression levels. However, alterations in 55 differentially expressed glycoproteins showed no significant change at the protein abundance level, representing that the glycosylation site occupancy was changed between the non-type subtype and luminal/basal subtypes. Importantly, the extracellular matrix organization pathway was dysregulated in the non-type subtype of bladder carcinoma. N-glycosylation modifications in the extracellular matrix organization proteins may be a contributing factor for the mesenchymal aggressive phenotype in non-type subtype. These aberrant protein glycosylation would provide additional avenues to employ glycan-based therapies and may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets
Phosphoproteomic Profiling Identifies Aberrant Activation of Integrin Signaling in Aggressive Non-Type Bladder Carcinoma
Bladder carcinoma is highly heterogeneous and its complex molecular landscape; thus, poses a significant challenge for resolving an effective treatment in metastatic tumors. We computed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) scores of three bladder carcinoma subtypes—luminal, basal, and non-type. The EMT score of the non-type indicated a “mesenchymal-like” phenotype, which correlates with a relatively more aggressive form of carcinoma, typified by an increased migration and invasion. To identify the altered signaling pathways potentially regulating this EMT phenotype in bladder cancer cell lines, we utilized liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based phosphoproteomic approach. Bioinformatics analyses were carried out to determine the activated pathways, networks, and functions in bladder carcinoma cell lines. A total of 3125 proteins were identified, with 289 signature proteins noted to be differentially phosphorylated (p ≤ 0.05) in the non-type cell lines. The integrin pathway was significantly enriched and five major proteins (TLN1, CTTN, CRKL, ZYX and BCAR3) regulating cell motility and invasion were hyperphosphorylated. Our study reveals GSK3A/B and CDK1 as promising druggable targets for the non-type molecular subtype, which could improve the treatment outcomes for aggressive bladder carcinoma
Natural Surfactants-Based Ag Nanofluids for Enhanced Wettability on Hair Surface
The uses of natural
products in personal care have increased gradually
in recent years because of their nontoxic nature as compared to conventional
chemical compounds. This study deals with the solution behaviors of
three natural surfactants (Reetha, Shikakai, and Acacia) in the presence
and absence of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and their subsequent
influence on the wettability of hair surface. Among all studied natural
surfactants, Shikakai in the presence of Ag NPs showed the lowest
contact angle (∼58.5°), which was comparable to that of
widely used synthetic surfactant TX-100 (∼57.2°). The
Ag NPs were synthesized by the chemical as well as in situ green routes
in the presence of Acacia. The NPs and hair surface were characterized
by transmission electron and atomic force microscopic techniques where
the adherence of Acacia-mediated Ag NPs (average size of 24.17 nm)
was observed over the rough surface of the hair strand. The reduction
in surface tension from pure Acacia (∼43.56 mN/m) to in situ
Ag NPs in Acacia media (∼41.6 mN/m) followed the increasing
wettability at the virgin hair surface by lowering the contact angle
from 105.5° to 66°. The chemically synthesized Ag NPs showed
slightly better wettability (∼64.8°) as compared to in
situ Ag NPs in Acacia medium. However, the Acacia-mediated green synthesized
Ag NPs suspension, despite being marginal inferior in terms of surface
tension reduction and wetting, may be important from a practical perspective
Study of Compression-Induced Supramolecular Nanostructures of an Imidazole Derivative by Langmuir–Blodgett Technique
In
this communication, we report the design and synthesis as well
as the supramolecular assembly behavior of a 2,4,5-triaryl imidazole
derivative (compound <b>1</b>) at the air–water interface
and in thin films using Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique. The
main idea for such a chemical structure is that the long alkyl chain
and N–H of the imidazole core may help to form supramolecular
architecture through the hydrophobic–hydrophobic interaction
and hydrogen bonding, respectively. Accordingly, the interfacial behavior
as well as morphology of <b>1</b> in thin films were studied
through a series of characterization methods such as surface pressure–area
(π–<i>A</i>) isotherm, hysteresis analysis,
ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption and steady-state
fluorescence spectroscopies, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction,
Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM)
measurements, and so forth. Pressure–area isotherm is an indication
toward the formation of supramolecular nanostructures instead of an
ideal monolayer at the air–water interface. This has been confirmed
by the hysteresis analysis and BAM measurement at the air–water
interface. AFM images of <b>1</b> in the LB monolayer exhibits
the formation of supramolecular nanowires as well as nanorods. By
controlling different film-forming parameters, it becomes possible
to manipulate these nanostructures. With the passage of time, the
nanowires come close to each other and become straight. Similarly,
nanorods come close to each other and form bundles of several rods
in the LB films. H-bonding, J-aggregation, as well as compression
during film formation might play a key role in the formation of such
nanostructures. Electrical switching behavior of compound <b>1</b> was also observed because of the presence of an electron donor–acceptor
system in <b>1</b>. This type of organic switching behavior
may be promising for next-generation organic electronics
Circulating Tumor Cell cluster phenotype allows monitoring response to treatment and predicts survival
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are putative markers of tumor prognosis and may serve to evaluate patient's response to chemotherapy. CTCs are often detected as single cells but infrequently as clusters and are indicative of worse prognosis. In this study, we developed a short-term culture of nucleated blood cells which was applied to blood samples from breast, lung, esophageal and bladder cancer patients. Clusters of different degrees of compactness, classified as very tight, tight and loose were observed across various cancer types. These clusters show variable expression of cytokeratins. Cluster formation from blood samples obtained during the course of chemotherapy was found to be associated with disease progression and shorter overall survival. The short-term cultures offer a robust and highly reliable method for early prediction of treatment response in different cancer types