Unidentified infrared bands and the formation of PAHs around carbon stars

Although unidentified infrared bands (UIBs) have been observed in many astrophysical environments, there is one notable exception: carbon (C) stars. Only a handful of C stars have been shown to emit UIBs and most have hot companions. This makes C stars with hot companions an ideal location to investigate the emitters of the UIBs. PAHs are excited by absorption of single photons whose energy is then distributed over the whole molecule. These molecules then emit the energy at the characteristic wavelengths, but the precise wavelengths and strength ratios depend on the size, composition and charge state of the individual PAHs. Furthermore, the wavelength of photons needed to excite PAHs depends on their size and charge state. While small PAHs undoubtedly need higher energy (UV) photons, it has been suggested that large or ionized PAHS (\u3e100 C atoms) can be excited by visible or even near-IR photons. The lack of PAH emission from single carbon stars suggests that either PAHs do not form around C stars or that only small neutral grains form, which cannot be excited by a C star\u27s radiation field. There are two competing formation mechanisms for PAHs around C stars: (1) bottom-up where acetylene molecules react to form aromatic rings, building up to PAHs; or (2) top-down, where small carbon grains react with H atoms and desorb PAHs Using spatially resolved spectroscopic observations from Gemini/Michelle, of five carbon stars with hot companions, we investigate the circumstance under which PAH emission occurs and try to discriminate between formation mechanisms. © 2008 International Astronomical Union

Taking Sides with Pain – Lateralization aspects Related to Cerebral Processing of Dental Pain

The current fMRI study investigated cortical processing of electrically induced painful tooth stimulation of both maxillary canines and central incisors in 21 healthy, right-handed volunteers. A constant current, 150% above tooth specific pain perception thresholds was applied and corresponding online ratings of perceived pain intensity were recorded with a computerized visual analog scale during fMRI measurements. Lateralization of cortical activations was investigated by a region of interest analysis. A wide cortical network distributed over several areas, typically described as the pain or nociceptive matrix, was activated on a conservative significance level. Distinct lateralization patterns of analyzed structures allow functional classification of the dental pain processing system. Namely, certain parts are activated independent of the stimulation site, and hence are interpreted to reflect cognitive emotional aspects. Other parts represent somatotopic processing and therefore reflect discriminative perceptive analysis. Of particular interest is the observed amygdala activity depending on the stimulated tooth that might indicate a role in somatotopic encoding

An Evaluation of Service Provision and Novel Strength Assessment on Patient Outcomes in a UK based Pulmonary Rehabilitation Setting

This study’s purpose was to (i) assess the impact of a 7-week Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) programme upon patient outcomes; incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), COPD assessment tool (CAT), Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); (ii) assess the impact of COPD severity on ISWT and psychological functioning and quality of life measures following PR; (iii) assess the feasibility of incorporating individually prescribed one repetition maximum (1RM) training loads into the existing strength training programme. Patients were people with COPD enrolled onto one of three versions (locations A, B & C) of a 7-week PR programme, which consisted of group exercise sessions and a social plus education element. Two locations incorporated individually prescribed training loads. Minimal Clinically Important Changes (MCIC) are reported for the ISWT across all locations. Statistically significant changes in both CAT and the CCQ were found, with MCIC’s evident for CAT score overall and individually at location B. MCIC’s were not found for the CCQ. No statistically significant or MCIC were evident for the HADS. MCIC’s were present only in patients with mild to moderate severity for the ISWT. For the CAT, moderate, severe and very severe patients with COPD experienced MCIC’s. MCIC’s and statistically significant increases in 1RM strength were seen at both locations. These findings evidence an effective PR service. Basic strength exercise programming and assessment are feasible and should be implemented in PR services to maximize patient outcomes

The Grizzly, January 26, 1979

Campus Life Committee to Replace SFARC • Quad Fire Brought Quickly Under Control • The Fabulous Greaseband Presents...Rock \u27N\u27 Roll Revue Tonight • Christmas Thefts Hit Women\u27s Dorms • Four-One-Four Proposed • Integrated Dining: An Interesting Proposal • Low Attendance Attracts Attention • Letters to the Editor: No static at all?; Big-name concert • Roving Reporter: Alcohol policy • Ritter Gift • Class Skiing Trips: Coming Up • Billy Joel: Isn\u27t One Elton John Enough? • Grateful Dead Rocks Spectrum • Operatic Forum • Audio Corner: Receivers • Token Tolkien • Financial aid night to be held; Meistersingers on tour; New sports editor; Gift collection received; William J. Phillip prize endowed • USGA Elections Near • Bears Sink Below .500 • Cagers Capture Only One Of Six • Flying Fish • Grapplers Groping • Girl\u27s B-Ballhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1010/thumbnail.jp

A Galactic Dust Devil: far-infrared observations of the Tornado Supernova Remnant candidate

We present complicated dust structures within multiple regions of the candidate supernova remnant (SNR) the `Tornado' (G357.7-0.1) using observations with Spitzer and Herschel. We use Point Process Mapping, PPMAP, to investigate the distribution of dust in the Tornado at a resolution of 8", compared to the native telescope beams of 5-36". We find complex dust structures at multiple temperatures within both the head and the tail of the Tornado, ranging from 15 to 60K. Cool dust in the head forms a shell, with some overlap with the radio emission, which envelopes warm dust at the X-ray peak. Akin to the terrestrial sandy whirlwinds known as `Dust Devils', we find a large mass of dust contained within the Tornado. We derive a total dust mass for the Tornado head of 16.7 solar masses, assuming a dust absorption coefficient of kappa_300 =0.56m^2 kg^1, which can be explained by interstellar material swept up by a SNR expanding in a dense region. The X-ray, infra-red, and radio emission from the Tornado head indicate that this is a SNR. The origin of the tail is more unclear, although we propose that there is an X-ray binary embedded in the SNR, the outflow from which drives into the SNR shell. This interaction forms the helical tail structure in a similar manner to that of the SNR W50 and microquasar SS433.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures + 3 appendix figures. Accepted to be published in MNRA

The Grizzly, December 1, 1978

Task Force Reviews Health Services; Bookstore Also Discussed • New Curriculum Approved • SAC Discusses New Frat & Allocations • Biology Department Alters Curriculum • A Good Editorial • Let\u27s See Co-Ed Dorms • A Mutually Advantageous Symbiosis • Letters to the Editor: Sleeping Awareness; Disturbing Guyana Attitudes • Portrait of the Professor: Dr. Patrick J. Mulvanny • Parking: Problem At Ursinus • If Zacharias Could See Us Now... • Think Snow • The Rocky Horror Show: A Celluloid Wasteland • Audio Corner: Loudspeakers • Thompson-Gay Soon To Be Theater • Logic & Dance • Drinking Myths • Hopes High For Hoops • Football Ends On Good Note • Ursinus Girls Drown Dickinson • Marathon Men Compete • Bears Net .500 Against Florida Foes • First Winter Weather Day ; Stimeling Exhibit To Be Presentedhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1008/thumbnail.jp

A Complete Catalogue of Dusty Supernova Remnants

We search for far-infrared (FIR) counterparts of known supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Galactic plane (360 degrees in longitude and b = +/- 1 deg ) at 70 - 500 micron with Herschel. We detect dust signatures in 39 SNRs out of 190, made up of 13 core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), including 4 Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWNe), and 2 Type Ia SNe. A further 24 FIR detected SNRs have unknown types. We confirm the FIR detection of ejecta dust within G350.1-0.3, adding to the known sample of ~10 SNRs containing ejecta dust. We discover dust features at the location of a radio core at the centre of G351.2+0.1, indicating FIR emission coincident with a possible Crab-like compact object, with dust temperature and mass of Td = 45.8 K and Md = 0.18 solar mass, similar to the PWN G54.1+0.3. We show that the detection rate is higher among young SNRs. We produce dust temperature maps of 11 SNRs and mass maps of those with distance estimates, finding dust at temperatures 15 < Td < 40 K. If the dust is heated by shock interactions the shocked gas must be relatively cool and/or have a low density to explain the observed low grain temperatures.Comment: 25 pages, 26 figures. Accepted in MNRAS. For images and details of the complete catalogue see the Appendix at https://github.com/hanchawn/Arxi

Introductory programming: a systematic literature review

As computing becomes a mainstream discipline embedded in the school curriculum and acts as an enabler for an increasing range of academic disciplines in higher education, the literature on introductory programming is growing. Although there have been several reviews that focus on specific aspects of introductory programming, there has been no broad overview of the literature exploring recent trends across the breadth of introductory programming. This paper is the report of an ITiCSE working group that conducted a systematic review in order to gain an overview of the introductory programming literature. Partitioning the literature into papers addressing the student, teaching, the curriculum, and assessment, we explore trends, highlight advances in knowledge over the past 15 years, and indicate possible directions for future research

Language for Specific Purposes and Corpus-based Pedagogy

This chapter describes how corpus-based pedagogies are used for teaching and learning language for specific purposes (LSP). Corpus linguistics (CL) refers to the study of large quantities of authentic language using computer-assisted methods, which form the basis for computer-assisted language learning (CALL) that uses corpora for reference, exploration, and interactive learning. The use of corpora as reference resources to create LSP materials is described. Direct student uses of corpora are illustrated by three approaches to data-driven learning (DDL) where students engage in hands-on explorations of texts. A combination of indirect and direct corpus applications is shown in an illustration of interactive CALL technologies, including an example of an inclusive corpus-based tool for genre-based writing pedagogy. The chapter concludes with potential prospects for future developments in LSP