A critical review of the application of Maslow's motivation theory in industry

The present article critically reviews the application of Maslow's motivational theory within the industrial situation. It is pointed out that although this theory is frequently applied in this context, its utility and applicability in such a situation has not been conclusively demonstrated on the basis of the research conducted. Furthermore, a distinction is drawn between studies assessing the applicability of this theory within the industrial situation, and those assessing its utility for industry. The need for further research, particularly to establish whether any relationship exists between the need for self actualization and productivity (i.e., the utility of the theory for the organization), it thus advanced. Finally, it is suggested that in terms of the criteria of the prediction and control of behaviour in organizations, this theory might not be adequate as a theory of work motivation. Opsomming Die toepassing van Maslow se motiveringsteorie binne die bedryfsituasie word hersien. Hoewel dit dikwels toegepas word, is die bruikbaarheid en die toepasbaarheid daarvan in sulke situasies nog nie met sekerheid bevestig nie. 'n Onderskeid word getref tussen die studies wat die toepasbaarheid en die wat die bruikbaarheid daarvan, vir die industriële situasie, bepaal. Die noodsaaklikheid van verdere navorsing, in besonder om vas te stel of daar 'n verband bestaan tussen die selfvervullingsbehoefte en produktiwiteit, (bv. die bruikbaarheid van die teorie vir die organisasie) word besonder beklemtoon. Ten slotte word gesuggereer dat die teorie, in terme van die kriteria van voorspelling en kontrole van gedrag in organisasies, tekort skiet as 'n arbeidsmotiveringsteorie

The Application of Transformational Leadership Theory to Parenting: Questionnaire Development and Implications for Adolescent Self-Regulatory Efficacy and Life Satisfaction

We draw upon transformational leadership theory to develop an instrument to measure transformational parenting for use with adolescents. First, potential items were generated that were developmentally appropriate and evidence for content validity was provided through the use of focus groups with parents and adolescents. We subsequently provide evidence for several aspects of construct validity of measures derived from the Transformational Parenting Questionnaire (TPQ). Data were collected from 857 adolescents (Mage = 14.70 years), who rated the behaviors of their mothers and fathers. The results provided support for a second-order measurement model of transformational parenting. In addition, positive relationships between mothers’ and fathers’ transformational parenting behaviors, adolescents’ self-regulatory efficacy for physical activity and healthy eating, and life satisfaction were found. The results of this research support the application of transformational leadership theory to parenting behaviors, as well as the construct validity of measures derived from the TPQ. (AUTHORS' ABSTRACT

Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope results from ODP Leg 187: Evidence for mantle dynamics of the Australian-Antarctic Discordance and origin of the Indian MORB source

New high precision PIMMS Hf and Pb isotope data for 14–28 Ma basalts recovered during ODP Leg 187 are compared with zero-age dredge samples from the Australian-Antarctic Discordance (AAD). These new data show that combined Nd-Hf isotope systematics can be used as an effective discriminant between Indian and Pacific MORB source mantle domains. In particular, Indian mantle is displaced to lower εNd and higher εHf ratios compared to Pacific mantle. As with Pb isotope plots, there is almost no overlap between the two mantle types in Nd-Hf isotope space. On the basis of our new Nd-Hf isotope data, we demonstrate that Pacific MORB-source mantle was present near the eastern margin of the AAD from as early as 28 Ma, its boundary with Indian MORB-source mantle coinciding with the eastern edge of a basin-wide arcuate depth anomaly that is centered on the AAD. This observation rules out models requiring rapid migration of Pacific MORB mantle into the Indian Ocean basin since separation of Australia from Antarctica. Although temporal variations in isotopic composition can be discerned relative to the fracture zone boundary of the modern AAD at 127°E, the distribution of different compositional groups appears to have remained much the same relative to the position of the residual depth anomaly for the past 30 m.y. Thus significant lateral flow of mantle along the ridge axis toward the interface appears unlikely. Instead, the dynamics that maintain both the residual depth anomaly and the isotopic boundary between Indian and Pacific mantle are due to eastward migration of the Australian and Antarctic plates over a stagnated, but slowly upwelling, slab oriented roughly orthogonal to the ridge axis. Temporal and spatial variations in the compositions of Indian MORB basalts within the AAD can be explained by progressive displacement of shallower Indian MORB-source mantle by deeper mantle having a higher εHf composition ascending ahead of the upwelling slab. Models for the origin of the distinctive composition of the Indian MORB-source based on recycling of a heterogeneous enriched component that consist of ancient altered ocean crust plus<10% pelagic sediment are inconsistent with Nd-Hf isotope systematics. Instead, the data can be explained by a model in which Indian mantle includes a significant proportion of material that was processed in the mantle wedge above a subduction zone and was subsequently mixed back into unprocessed upper mantle