THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE COAST TO THE SOUTH CAROLINA ECONOMY

The South Carolina counties classified as coastal are Beaufort, Berkeley, Charleston, Colleton, Dorchester, Georgetown, Horry and Jasper. These eight counties comprise the coastal zone management region of the Ocean and Coastal Resource Management division of the S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control The report examines the influence of these counties on the State's economy.Community/Rural/Urban Development,

The rise of fully turbulent flow

Over a century of research into the origin of turbulence in wallbounded shear flows has resulted in a puzzling picture in which turbulence appears in a variety of different states competing with laminar background flow. At slightly higher speeds the situation changes distinctly and the entire flow is turbulent. Neither the origin of the different states encountered during transition, nor their front dynamics, let alone the transformation to full turbulence could be explained to date. Combining experiments, theory and computer simulations here we uncover the bifurcation scenario organising the route to fully turbulent pipe flow and explain the front dynamics of the different states encountered in the process. Key to resolving this problem is the interpretation of the flow as a bistable system with nonlinear propagation (advection) of turbulent fronts. These findings bridge the gap between our understanding of the onset of turbulence and fully turbulent flows.Comment: 31 pages, 9 figure

Are you really my clone? Identity verification of the in-trust sweetpotato collection at the International Potato Center.

The global in-trust sweetpotato collection maintained by the International Potato Center (CIP) in Lima, Peru consists of over 5,000 cultivated sweetpotato accessions maintained as clones in vitro as well as over 1,000 accessions from 67 species of Ipomoea maintained as seed populations. The clonal sweetpotato collection at CIP was initiated in the 1980’s and for 60% of the collection, original material still exists as potted plants in the greenhouse. This provides a unique opportunity where genetic integrity of a clonal collection, maintained in vitro for the past thirty years, can be confirmed by a side-by-side comparison of the same accession from the greenhouse. Initial molecular comparison is done using a set of twenty SSR primers followed by side-by-side comparison in the field using 30 morphological descriptors. Confirmation of identity requires both genetic and morphological analysis as a low percentage of the accessions appear to be duplicates based on SSR yet are morphologically distinct. Historical morphological descriptor data is used as a check to confirm identity and is being used as the sole check for accessions where we do not have original material for comparison. SSR results from 70% of the collection has confirmed that 85% of the in vitro accessions are true-to-type. In vitro accessions which are not true-to-type are reisolated and cleaned of viruses from the confirmed true-to-type greenhouse accessions. Accessions which are true-to-type are fingerprinted using DArTseq to provide a sequence-based fingerprint

ADHD: Is There an App for That? A Suitability Assessment of Apps for the Parents of Children and Young People With ADHD

BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly comorbid disorder that can impact significantly on the individual and their family. ADHD is managed via pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. Parents also gain support from parent support groups, which may include chat rooms, as well as face-to-face meetings. With the growth of technology use over recent years, parents have access to more resources that ever before. A number of mobile apps have been developed to help parents manage ADHD in their children and young people. Unfortunately many of these apps are not evidence-based, and little is known of their suitability for the parents or whether they are helpful in ADHD management. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the (1) parents' views of the suitability of the top ten listed apps for parents of children and young people with ADHD and (2) the views of clinicians that work with them on the suitability and value of the apps. METHODS: The top 10 listed apps specifically targeted toward the parents of children and young people with ADHD were identified via the Google Play (n=5) and iTunes store (n=5). Interviews were then undertaken with 7 parents of children or young people with ADHD and 6 clinicians who specialize in working with this population to explore their opinions of the 10 apps identified and what they believe the key components are for apps to be suitable and valuable for this population. RESULTS: Four themes emerged from clinician and parent interviews: (1) the importance of relating to the app, (2) apps that address ADHD-related difficulties, (3) how the apps can affect family relationships, and (4) apps as an educational tool. Two additional themes emerged from the clinician interviews alone: monitoring ADHD symptoms and that apps should be practical. Parents also identified an additional theme: the importance of the technology. Overall, the characteristics of the current top 10 listed apps did not appear to match well to the views of our sample. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that these apps may not fully meet the complex needs of this parent population. Further research is required to explore the value of apps with this population and how they can be tailored to their very specific needs