Great Expectations: HIV Risk Behaviors and Misperceptions of Low HIV Risk among Incarcerated Men

Incarcerated populations have relatively high HIV prevalence but little has been reported about their aggregate HIV risk behaviors or perceptions of risk. A random selection of HIV-negative men (n = 855) entering a US state prison system were surveyed to assess five risk behaviors and his self-perceived HIV risk. Using multivariate logistic regression, we identified factors associated with having elevated actual but low perceived risk (EALPR). Of the 826 men with complete data, 88% were at elevated risk. While 64% of the sample had risk perceptions concordant with their actual risk, 14% had EALPR (with the remainder at low actual but high perceived risk). EALPR rates were lower in those with a pre-incarceration HIV test but higher for those with a negative prison entry HIV test. HIV testing counseling should assess for discordance between actual and perceived risk and communicate the continued risk of HIV despite a negative result

Extension des modèles de Carlino et Mills en vue d'examiner les effets de la taille et de la croissance urbaine sur les espaces ruraux sous influence urbaine

International audienceUne extension du modèle de développement économique local de Boarnet (1994) est proposée. Elle permet de relier les évolutions de population et d'emploi de l'hinterland rural à la croissance urbaine des centres d'emploi correspondants. Le modèle à deux équations simultanées qui en résulte est estimé sur des données danoises (204 municipalités), françaises (3 515 communes) et américaines (268 census tracts de Caroline du Sud). Les résultats montrent que les effets de diffusion urbaine vers l'hinterland rural sont le plus souvent significatifs et tendent à dominer les effets de "backwash" urbain. En conséquence, les communautés rurales sont concernées par les modalités du développement économique des villes et par les politiques qui affectent les schémas de la croissance urbaine entre le centre des villes et leur périurbain

How to do things with words : two seminars on the naming of functional (psychogenic, non-epileptic, dissociative, conversion, …) seizures

Amongst the most important conditions in the differential diagnosis of epilepsy is the one that manifests as paroxysms of altered behaviour, awareness, sensation or sense of bodily control in ways that often resemble epileptic seizures, but without the abnormal excessive or synchronous electrical activity in the brain that defines these. Despite this importance, there remains little agreement – and frequent debate – on what to call this condition, known inter alia as psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), dissociative seizures (DS), functional seizures (FS), non-epileptic attack disorder (NEAD), pseudoseizures, conversion disorder with seizures, and by many other labels besides. This choice of terminology is not merely academic – it affects patients’ response to and understanding of their diagnosis, and their ability to navigate health care systems.This paper summarises two recent discussions hosted by the American Epilepsy Society and Functional Neurological Disorders Society on the naming of this condition. These discussions are conceptualised as the initial step of an exploration of whether it might be possible to build consensus for a new diagnostic label