Role of Quantum Coherence and Energetic Disorder on Exciton Transport in Polymer Films

The cross-over from coherent to incoherent exciton transport in disordered polymer films is studied by computationally solving a modified form of the Redfield equation for the exciton density matrix. This theory models quantum mechanical (ballistic) and incoherent (diffusive) transport as limiting cases. It also reproduces Forster transport for certain parameter regimes. Using model parameters appropriate to polymer thin films it is shown that short-time quantum mechanical coherence increases the exciton diffusion length. It also causes rapid initial energy relaxation and larger line widths. The route to equilibrium is, however, more questionable, as the equilibrium populations of the model do not satisfy the Boltzmann distributions over the site energies. The Redfield equation for the dimer is solved exactly to provide insight into the numerical results.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B. (July 2006). 19 pages and 8 figure

Climate Change and Young People in Uganda: A Literature Review

The disruptions of anthropogenic climate change are increasingly severe. People living in sub-Saharan Africa are especially exposed to these risks, and amongst them young people. It is well established that climate disruptions have the potential to halt education, displace populations, and wreck infrastructure. This rigorous literature review focuses on climate change in the landlocked East African country of Uganda, demographically the world’s third youngest country, where young people struggle to get by due to insufficient work opportunities. Extended to other countries in the Eastern and Central African region, the review considers what is known about the intersection of youth livelihoods and climate change; young people’s susceptibility to climate disruption due to limited resources and livelihood options; and the constraints around their responses. The review findings suggest the need for substantial youth informed interventions to bolster young people’s economic resilience and adaptive capacity given the worsening climate change and prolonged population growth. British Academy Youth Futures Programm

Exact states and spectra of vibrationally dressed polaritons

Strong coupling between light and matter is possible with a variety of organic materials. In contrast to the simpler inorganic case, organic materials often have a complicated spectrum, with vibrationally dressed electronic transitions. Strong coupling to light competes with this vibrational dressing and, if strong enough, can suppress the entanglement between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom. By exploiting symmetries, we can perform exact numerical diagonalization to find the polaritonic states for intermediate numbers of molecules and use these to define and validate accurate expressions for the lower polariton states and strong-coupling spectrum in the thermodynamic limit. Using this approach, we find that vibrational decoupling occurs as a sharp transition above a critical matter-light coupling strength. We also demonstrate how the polariton spectrum evolves with the number of molecules, recovering classical linear optics results only at large N

Large scale numerical investigation of excited states in poly(phenylene)

A density matrix renormalisation group scheme is developed, allowing for the first time essentially exact numerical solutions for the important excited states of a realistic semi-empirical model for oligo-phenylenes. By monitoring the evolution of the energies with chain length and comparing them to the experimental absorption peaks of oligomers and thin films, we assign the four characteristic absorption peaks of phenyl-based polymers. We also determine the position and nature of the nonlinear optical states in this model.Comment: RevTeX, 10 pages, 4 eps figures included using eps

Effective theories of scattering with an attractive inverse-square potential and the three-body problem

A distorted-wave version of the renormalisation group is applied to scattering by an inverse-square potential and to three-body systems. In attractive three-body systems, the short-distance wave function satisfies a Schroedinger equation with an attractive inverse-square potential, as shown by Efimov. The resulting oscillatory behaviour controls the renormalisation of the three-body interactions, with the renormalisation-group flow tending to a limit cycle as the cut-off is lowered. The approach used here leads to single-valued potentials with discontinuities as the bound states are cut off. The perturbations around the cycle start with a marginal term whose effect is simply to change the phase of the short-distance oscillations, or the self-adjoint extension of the singular Hamiltonian. The full power counting in terms of the energy and two-body scattering length is constructed for short-range three-body forces.Comment: 19 pages (RevTeX), 2 figure

Effective field theory of 3He

3He and the triton are studied as three-body bound states in the effective field theory without pions. We study 3He using the set of integral equations developed by Kok et al. which includes the full off-shell T-matrix for the Coulomb interaction between the protons. To leading order, the theory contains: two-body contact interactions whose renormalized strengths are set by the NN scattering lengths, the Coulomb potential, and a three-body contact interaction. We solve the three coupled integral equations with a sharp momentum cutoff, Lambda, and find that a three-body interaction is required in 3He at leading order, as in the triton. It also exhibits the same limit-cycle behavior as a function of Lambda, showing that the Efimov effect remains in the presence of the Coulomb interaction. We also obtain the difference between the strengths of the three-body forces in 3He and the triton.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures; further discussion and references adde

Информационные технологии в банковской системе

Almost all activities of the Bank subject to the domination systems. The system itself involves a procedure control, a set of interconnected elements, procedures, methods, and many similar concepts. When the Bank is recruiting employees, it applies to this particular system, which involves placing ads on job interviews, the definition of appropriate skills, discussion of working conditions and so on. This process is a slender organized system with its internal procedures and prescribed norms