232 research outputs found
En quoi peut bien consister une anthropologie appliquée au développement ?
Résumé de l'ouvrage complet : Les connaissances de l'anthropologie actuelle peuvent-elles faire l'objet d'une application, c'est-à -dire d'un transfert d'information, opérationnel, vers des acteurs économiques et sociaux et des peuples ? À quelles conditions scientifiques et déontologiques ? L'anthropologie culturelle et sociale est-elle, au contraire. une connaissance paradoxale qui ne peut ni ne doit servir à rien ni à personne, sinon par la lecture, souvent difficile, de ses oeuvres ? Les études réunies ici ont été inspirées par ces difficiles questions, qu'elles tentent d'aborder de manière neuve, dans un contexte spécifique, celui de la France contemporaine et de sa communauté anthropologique, où la notion même d'application suscite généralement un réflexe de défiance, pourtant peu ou pas argumenté. D'où la nécessité d'aperçus comparatifs concernant d'autres pays, comme l'Angleterre et les États-Unis. D'où encore la nécessité d'une réflexion de base sur la notion même de science appliquée, la « tradition » anthropologique française et les enjeux intellectuels et déontologiques propres à différents domaines d'application existants : entreprise, minorités, aide au « développement », santé publique, recherche biomédicale
Effect of Finite Granularity of Detectors on Anisotropy Coefficients
The coefficients that describe the anisotropy in the azimuthal distribution
of particles are lower when the particles are recorded in a detector with
finite granularity and measures only hits. This arises due to loss of
information because of multiple hits in any channel. The magnitude of this loss
of signal depends both on the occupancy and on the value of the coefficient.
These correction factors are obtained for analysis methods differing in detail,
and are found to be different.Comment: 11 pages including 2 figure
MOEMS deformable mirror testing in cryo for future optical instrumentation
MOEMS Deformable Mirrors (DM) are key components for next generation
instruments with innovative adaptive optics systems, in existing telescopes and
in the future ELTs. These DMs must perform at room temperature as well as in
cryogenic and vacuum environment. Ideally, the MOEMS-DMs must be designed to
operate in such environment. We present some major rules for designing /
operating DMs in cryo and vacuum. We chose to use interferometry for the full
characterization of these devices, including surface quality measurement in
static and dynamical modes, at ambient and in vacuum/cryo. Thanks to our
previous set-up developments, we placed a compact cryo-vacuum chamber designed
for reaching 10-6 mbar and 160K, in front of our custom Michelson
interferometer, able to measure performances of the DM at actuator/segment
level as well as whole mirror level, with a lateral resolution of 2{\mu}m and a
sub-nanometric z-resolution. Using this interferometric bench, we tested the
Iris AO PTT111 DM: this unique and robust design uses an array of single
crystalline silicon hexagonal mirrors with a pitch of 606{\mu}m, able to move
in tip, tilt and piston with strokes from 5 to 7{\mu}m, and tilt angle in the
range of +/-5mrad. They exhibit typically an open-loop flat surface figure as
good as <20nm rms. A specific mount including electronic and opto-mechanical
interfaces has been designed for fitting in the test chamber. Segment
deformation, mirror shaping, open-loop operation are tested at room and cryo
temperature and results are compared. The device could be operated successfully
at 160K. An additional, mainly focus-like, 500 nm deformation is measured at
160K; we were able to recover the best flat in cryo by correcting the focus and
local tip-tilts on some segments. Tests on DM with different mirror thicknesses
(25{\mu}m and 50{\mu}m) and different coatings (silver and gold) are currently
under way.Comment: 11 pages, 12 Figure
Source Parameters from Identified Hadron Spectra and HBT Radii for Au-Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV in PHENIX
The characteristics of the particle emitting source are deduced from low
transverse momentum identified hadron spectra (transverse mass less than 1 GeV)
and HBT radii using a hydrodynamic interpretation. From the most peripheral to
the most central data, the single particle spectra are fit simultaneously for
all pions, kaons, and (anti-)protons using the parameterization in [1] and
assuming a linear transverse flow profile. Within the systematic uncertainties,
the expansion parameters called the freeze-out temperature and flow velocity,
respectively decrease and increase with the number of participants, saturating
for both at mid-centrality. The expansion using analytic calculations of the kT
dependence of HBT radii in [2] is fit to the data but no chi-squared minimum is
found.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, Contribution to Quark Matter 2002, Nantes,
France, July 18-24, 2002. To appear in the proceedings (Nucl. Phys. A
Baryon Stopping in Au+Au and p+p collisions at 62 and 200 GeV
BRAHMS has measured rapidity density distributions of protons and antiprotons
in both p+p and Au+Au collisions at 62 GeV and 200 GeV. From these
distributions the yields of so-called "net-protons", that is the difference
between the proton and antiproton yields, can be determined. The rapidity
dependence of the net-proton yields from peripheral Au+Au collisions is found
to have a similar behaviour to that found for the p+p results, while a quite
different rapidity dependence is found for central Au+Au collisions. The
net-proton distributions can be used together with model calculations to find
the net-baryon yields as a function of rapidity, thus yielding information on
the average rapidity loss of beam particles, the baryon transport properties of
the medium, and the amount of "stopping" in these collisions.Comment: Proceedings for Quark Matter 2009, for the BRAHMS collaboratio
Antiflow of Nucleons at the Softest Point of the EoS
We investigate flow in semi-peripheral nuclear collisions at AGS and SPS
energies within macroscopic as well as microscopic transport models. The hot
and dense zone assumes the shape of an ellipsoid which is tilted by an angle
Theta with respect to the beam axis. If matter is close to the softest point of
the equation of state, this ellipsoid expands predominantly orthogonal to the
direction given by Theta. This antiflow component is responsible for the
previously predicted reduction of the directed transverse momentum around the
softest point of the equation of state.Comment: 13 pages LaTeX, 8 PS figures. Higher-quality PS versions of figures 3
and 4 available at
http://www.th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de/~brachman/afl3f/afl3f.htm
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