Piscicultura do pirarucu, Arapaima gigas.

bitstream/item/33980/1/CPATU-CirTec52.pd

Abundances in Stars from the Red Giant Branch Tip to the Near Main Sequence in M71: II. Iron Abundance

We present [Ffe/H] abundance results that involve a sample of stars with a wide range in luminosity from luminous giants to stars near the turnoff in a globular cluster. Our sample of 25 stars in M71 includes 10 giant stars more luminous than the RHB, 3 horizontal branch stars, 9 giant stars less luminous than the RHB, and 3 stars near the turnoff. We analyzed both Fe I and Fe II lines in high dispersion spectra observed with HIRES at the W. M. Keck Observatory. We find that the [Fe/H] abundances from both Fe I and Fe II lines agree with each other and with earlier determinations. Also the [Fe/H] obtained from Fe I and Fe II lines is constant within the rather small uncertainties for this group of stars over the full range in Teff and luminosity, suggesting that NLTE effects are negligible in our iron abundance determination. In this globular cluster, there is no difference among the mean [Fe/H] of giant stars located at or above the RHB, RHB stars, giant stars located below the RHB and stars near the turnoff.Comment: Minor changes to conform to version accepted for publication, with several new figures (Paper 2 of a pair

Abrupt carbon release at the onset of the Bølling/Allerød: Permafrost thawing with inter-hemispheric impact

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) during the last deglaciation (∼18–10 kyr BP) switched around 14.6 kyr BP from a rather gradual rise to an abrupt jump, which is recorded in ice cores as an increase of 10 ppmv in less than two centuries. So far the source of that CO2 excursion could not be identified and the climatic implications are largely unknown. Here we use highly resolved U/Th dated atmospheric ∆14C from Tahiti corals as independent age control for CO2 changes. This provides a temporal framework to show that the northern high latitude warming into the Bølling/Allerød occurred quasi-synchronous to this CO2 rise within a few decades. Furthermore we show that an abrupt release (within two centuries) of long-term immobile nearly 14C-free carbon (∼125 PgC) from thawing permafrost might explain the observed anomalies in atmospheric CO2 and ∆14C, in line with CH4 and biomarker records from ice and sediment cores. In transient climate simulations we show that the abrupt carbon release in the northern high latitudes and associated CO2 changes bear the potential to modulate Antarctic temperature. These findings are in agreement with the observed onset of the Antarctic Cold Reversal about two centuries after the beginning of the Bølling/Allerød, as detected in independent annual layer-counted ice cores from both hemispheres. Based on the timing, magnitude, origin and the inter-hemispheric impact we speculate that this abrupt deglacial release of long-term stored carbon via thawing permafrost might have provided the final push out of the last ice age

Paneuropean R&D on very large offshore wind turbines: the hiprwind project

Peer Reviewe

Magnetic and electrical properties of (Pu,Lu)Pd3

We present measurements of the magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity and electrical resistivity of Pu$_{1-x}$Lu$_x$Pd$_3$, with $x$=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1. PuPd$_3$ is an antiferromagnetic heavy fermion compound with $T_N=24$~K. With increasing Lu doping, both the Kondo and RKKY interaction strengths fall, as judged by the Sommerfeld coefficient $\gamma$ and N\'eel temperature $T_N$. Fits to a crystal field model of the resistivity also support these conclusions. The paramagnetic effective moment $\mu_{\mathrm{eff}}$ increases with Lu dilution, indicating a decrease in the Kondo screening. In the highly dilute limit, $\mu_{\mathrm{eff}}$ approaches the value predicted by intermediate coupling calculations. In conjunction with an observed Schottky peak at $\sim$60~K in the magnetic heat capacity, corresponding to a crystal field splitting of $\sim$12~meV, a mean-field intermediate coupling model with nearest neighbour interactions has been developed.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figure

Abundances of Baade's Window Giants from Keck/HIRES Spectra: I. Stellar Parameters and [Fe/H] Values

We present the first results of a new abundance survey of the Milky Way bulge based on Keck/HIRES spectra of 27 K-giants in the Baade's Window ($l = 1$, $b = -4$) field. The spectral data used in this study are of much higher resolution and signal-to-noise than previous optical studies of Galactic bulge stars. The [Fe/H] values of our stars, which range between -1.29 and $+0.51$, were used to recalibrate large low resolution surveys of bulge stars. Our best value for the mean [Fe/H] of the bulge is $-0.10 \pm 0.04$. This mean value is similar to the mean metallicity of the local disk and indicates that there cannot be a strong metallicity gradient inside the solar circle. The metallicity distribution of stars confirms that the bulge does not suffer from the so-called ``G-dwarf'' problem. This paper also details the new abundance techniques necessary to analyze very metal-rich K-giants, including a new Fe line list and regions of low blanketing for continuum identification.Comment: Accepted for publication in January 2006 Astrophysical Journal. Long tables 3--6 withheld to save space (electronic tables in journal paper). 53 pages, 10 figures, 9 table

Relation between capacities and bimanual performance in hemiplegic cerebral palsied children: Impact os synkinesis

ObjectiveTo analyse the link between unimanual capacities and bimanual performance in cerebral-palsied (CP) hemiplegic children, aged between 5 and 18 years old, studying specifically the impact of synkinesis.Material and methodsSeventy-one CP hemiplegic children (35 boys and 36 girls, mean age 8,5 years; MACS levels from I to III; GMFCS from I to IV) took part in a transversal study, assessed – Melbourne Test (MUUL) for unimanual capacities, and Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) for bimanual performance – with a specific scale to analyze synkinesis during Box and Block test for affected and healthy hands, collecting synkinesis type, duration and intensity.ResultsThere is a strong correlation between unimanual capacities (MUUL) and bimanual performance (AHA) (r=0.871). Neither age nor gender contribute to bimanual performance (AHA). Multiple linear regression shows that MUUL contributes to bimanual performance variance (AHA) by 70%. Synkinesis partly correlated to capacities (MUUL) and accounts for 10% of the variance of the gap between capacities and bimanual performance.ConclusionA high relationship between unimanual capacities and bimanual performance is confirmed by this study; some authors demonstrated impact of sensory troubles [1], we demonstrate that synkinesis influences the use of unimanual capacities in bimanual performance

Iran and American Security Policy in the Middle East

In October 1973 the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) sent shock waves through the industrialized world when it decreased the overall produc­tion of oil and embargoed the United States, Portugal, South Africa, and the Netherlands. The impact of these developments and a subsequent quantum rise in oil prices for the Western states and Japan was immediate and far reaching. On both sides of the Atlantic and in Tokyo there were fears of recession and even depression, the possibility of millions unemployed, and of massive deficits in the balance of payments

The type II phase resetting curve is optimal for stochastic synchrony

The phase-resetting curve (PRC) describes the response of a neural oscillator to small perturbations in membrane potential. Its usefulness for predicting the dynamics of weakly coupled deterministic networks has been well characterized. However, the inputs to real neurons may often be more accurately described as barrages of synaptic noise. Effective connectivity between cells may thus arise in the form of correlations between the noisy input streams. We use constrained optimization and perturbation methods to prove that PRC shape determines susceptibility to synchrony among otherwise uncoupled noise-driven neural oscillators. PRCs can be placed into two general categories: Type I PRCs are non-negative while Type II PRCs have a large negative region. Here we show that oscillators with Type II PRCs receiving common noisy input sychronize more readily than those with Type I PRCs.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physical Review