Capitalismo dependente e políticas sociais: tensões e contradições

RESUMOA percepção de que há avanços sociais mesmo com o estabelecimento de políticas sociais de cunho neoliberal, permite que se indage sobre o capitalismo brasileiro e suas características estruturais. Chama a atenção o fato de que uma política social cuja estrutura é neoliberal como o programa Bolsa Família tenha permitido a setores da população brasileira um ganho de vida subjetivo e objetivo. Diante deste fato, questiona-se sobre o tipo de capitalismo que aqui se desenvolveu, suas contradições, possibilidades e limitações tanto do ponto de vista do capital como do ponto de vista humano e de garantia de direitos.Palavras-chave: Capitalismo Dependente; Políticas Sociais; Garantia de Direitos.ABSTRACTThe perception that there are social advances even with the establishment of social policies of neoliberal nature, allows us to inquire about Brazilian capitalism and its structural characteristics. It is noteworthy that a social policy whose structure is neoliberal such as the Bolsa Familia program has allowed sectors of the Brazilian population a subjective and objective gain in life. Given this fact, one wonders about the type of capitalism that has been developed here, its contradictions, possibilities and limitations from the point of view of capital as well as from the human point of view and of guaranteeing rights.Keywords: Dependent Capitalism; Social Policies; Guarantee of Rights.RESUMENLa percepción de que hay adelantos sociales aun con el establecimiento de políticas sociales de corte neoliberal, permite que se indague sobre el capitalismo brasileño y sus características estructurales. Llama la atención el hecho que una política social cuya estructura es neoliberal, como la Beca-Familia, haya permitido a sectores de la familia brasileña un recurso de vida a la vez subjetivo y objetivo. Ante ese hecho, uno se pregunta sobre el tipo de capitalismo que acá se desarrolló, sus contradicciones, posibilidades y limitaciones, tanto desde el punto de vista del capital, como del humano y de la garantía de derechos.Palabras-clave: Capitalismo Dependiente; Políticas Sociales; Garantía de Derechos

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora