Bolsa família, escolha ocupacional e informalidade no Brasil

This study analyzes the impact of conditional cash transfer program Bolsa Familia in the occupational composition Brazilian labor market. The methodology relies on a discontinuity in the program elegibility rule regarding children's age to attain the identification of a LATE parameter. The analysis is carried out with 2006 microdata from National Household Sample Survey (PNAD/IBGE). Our results suggest the cash transfer program does not affect the occupational choice of Brazilian adults among formal and informal jobs

Bolsa Família, occupational choice and informality in Brazil

This study analyses the impact of the conditional cash transfer programme, Programa Bolsa Família, on the occupational composition of the Brazilian labour market. The methodology relies on a discontinuity in the programme eligibility rule regarding children's age to attain the identification of a LATE parameter. The analysis is carried out with 2006 microdata from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD). Our results suggest that the cash transfer does not affect the occupational choice of Brazilian adults among formal and informal jobs

Demanda por produtos alimentares nas áreas rurais e urbanas do Brasil

This study estimates demand elasticities for staple foods in Brazil taking into account the differences in demand behaviour across urban and rural areas. We analyze microdata from 2002/2003 household expenditure survey (POF), conducted by IBGE. The methodology adopted in demand estimation is based on the Linear Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS). The results will give us a better understanding of the disparities of the consumption patterns across rural and urban areas in Brazil and provide useful tools in the improvement of public policy related issues

O consumo das famílias brasileiras: um olhar de gênero e raça*

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o padrão de consumo das famílias brasileiras com ênfase no gênero e na raça do responsável da família. A depender do responsável pela família, gasta-se mais ou menos em determinados bens e serviços, não somente devido às preferências individuais, mas igualmente devido às percepções diversas sobre prioridades dentro da própria família. No que tange ao gênero, a literatura enfatiza que, para as mulheres, o maior peso dos gastos é no bem-estar de filhos, e, em termos de raça, há ainda uma discussão incipiente sobre gastos direcionados a questões identitárias, mas chama a atenção que grande parte dos gastos é dedicado à sobrevivência, dadas as piores condições de vida de pretos e pardos na sociedade brasileira. Para entender estas diferenças sobre o padrão de consumo de famílias cujos responsáveis são homens ou mulheres, com distintas cores/raças, este artigo analisa os determinantes das categorias de consumo das famílias separadamente para cada um destes grupos. Para tanto, foi estimado um sistema de demanda de forma simultânea para seis categorias agregadas de consumo (alimentação, habitação, transporte, saúde, educação e outras despesas). A análise foi feita com a Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares de 2017-2018. Os resultados mostram que as mulheres gastam mais em habitação do que os homens, enquanto estes investem seus recursos mais nas despesas de transporte. Os gastos com alimentação são maiores entre os negros do que brancos, independente do sexo da pessoa de referência. Nas despesas com saúde e educação, brancos gastam mais do que negros, sendo que, com relação à saúde, mulheres brancas tendem a gastar mais do que homens. Renda, educação, idade e filhos são importantes fatores que podem explicar diferenças destes resultados

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Tendências nas horas dedicadas ao trabalho e lazer: Uma análise da alocação do tempo no Brasil

In this study we document trends in the allocation of time by gender in Brazil. In particular, we analyze trends in market work hours, home work hours (household chores), commute and leisure times in Brazil along 2001-2015. Analysis is made by gender and is based on the National Household Survey (PNAD). Results show that men enjoy more time of leisure than women, although this difference is reducing over time. For both men and women, there is an increase in leisure time. Specifically, we show that leisure for men increased by 4 hours per week (driven by a decline in market work hours) and for women by 7 hours per week (driven by a decline in home production work hours)

Diferencial de salários entre os setores público e privado no Brasil: Um modelo de escolha endógena

This study investigates the wage gap between the public and private sectors in Brazil. The analysis is carried out with 2009 microdata from the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) and it takes account its complex sample design. The main contribution of this study is the estimation of a switching endogenous regression model that corrects the selection bias in the choice of employment sector. This model allows for the identification of some factors that determine the entrance of the individual in the public sector labor market. The public-private wage gap is calculated by gender as labor supply varies significantly between women and men. The results show that public sector wages are higher than those in the private sector. In particular, the public-private wage gap for women is higher than for men