Mapeamento de ravinas e voçorocas nas margens do anel rodoviário da cidade de Vitória da Conquista – BA

This article analyzes the erosive features on the shores of the road ring, in the city of Vitória da Conquista - BA and maps the main areas affected by ravines and gullies. The research was performed literature review on the subject and field of study, survey of cartographic information and data collection in the field. The erosive processes were classified according to Vieira (1998-2008). For the geoprocessing was used the Quatum Gis(Qgis) software for erosion’s location. The study pointed out various localities affected by erosive features with closeness that reach up to 3 meters from the runway. During the research were identified eleven erosive processes of significant linear character, all with less than twenty meters of runway. This phenomenon, in addition to the detrimental to the soil, can generate or maximize accidents involving vehicles and pedestrians.Este artículo analiza las márgenes del cruce de carreteras en la ciudad de Vitória da Conquista – BA y realiza un mapeo de las principales áreas afectadas por barrancas y zanjas. Para dicha investigación se ha hecho una revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema y área de estudios, levantamiento de informaciones cartográficas y recolección de datos de campo. Los procesos erosivos fueron clasificados de acuerdo con Vieira (1998-2008). Para su geoprocesamiento fue utilizado el software Quatum Gis (Qgis) para ubicar dichas erosiones. El estudio señaló diversas localidades perjudicadas por los trazos erosivos de aproximadamente a unos tres metros de la carretera. Durante la investigación se identificaron once procesos erosivos de suma importancia y de carácter linear, todos con menos de 20 metros de distancia de la carretera. Dicho fenómeno, además de perjudicar al suelo, puede generar o incrementar el número de accidentes relacionados a peatones y vehículos.Este artigo analisa as feições erosivas nas margens do anel rodoviário na cidade de Vitória da Conquista – BA e mapeia as principais áreas afetadas por ravinas e voçorocas. Para a pesquisa foi realizada revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e a área de estudos, levantamento de informações cartográficas e coleta de dados em campo. Os processos erosivos foram classificados de acordo com Vieira (1998-2008). Para o geoprocessamento foi utilizado o software Quatum Gis (Qgis) para localização das erosões. O estudo apontou diversas localidades acometidas por feições erosivas com proximidade que chegam até 3 metros da pista. Durante a pesquisa foram identificados onze processos erosivos significativos de caráter linear, todos com menos de vinte metros de distância da pista. Tal fenômeno, além de ser prejudicial ao solo, pode gerar ou maximizar acidentes envolvendo veículos e pedestres

Mapeamento de ravinas e voçorocas nas margens do anel rodoviário da cidade de Vitória da Conquista – BA

Este artigo analisa as feições erosivas nas margens do anel rodoviário na cidade de Vitória da Conquista – BA e mapeia as principais áreas afetadas por ravinas e voçorocas. Para a pesquisa foi realizada revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e a área de estudos, levantamento de informações cartográficas e coleta de dados em campo. Os processos erosivos foram classificados de acordo com Vieira (1998-2008). Para o geoprocessamento foi utilizado o software Quatum Gis (Qgis) para localização das erosões. O estudo apontou diversas localidades acometidas por feições erosivas com proximidade que chegam até 3 metros da pista. Durante a pesquisa foram identificados onze processos erosivos significativos de caráter linear, todos com menos de vinte metros de distância da pista. Tal fenômeno, além de ser prejudicial ao solo, pode gerar ou maximizar acidentes envolvendo veículos e pedestres

Ayahuasca and Its DMT- and β-carbolines – Containing Ingredients Block the Expression of Ethanol-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice: Role of the Treatment Environment

Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic beverage produced from the decoction of Banisteriopsis caapi (Bc) and Psychotria viridis (Pv), β-carboline- and N,N-dimethyltryptamine(DMT)-containing plants, respectively. Accumulating evidence suggests that ayahuasca may have therapeutic effects on ethanol abuse. It is not known, however, whether its effects are dependent on the presence of DMT or if non-DMT-containing components would have therapeutic effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the rewarding properties of ayahuasca (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, orally), Bc (132, 440, and 1320 mg/kg, orally) and Pv (3.75, 12.5 and 37.5 mg/kg, i.p.) extracts and their effects on ethanol (1.8 g/kg, i.p.) reward using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm in male mice. Animals were conditioned with ayahuasca, Bc or Pv extracts during 8 sessions. An intermediate, but not a high, dose of ayahuasca induced CPP in mice. Bc and Pv did not induce CPP. Subsequently, the effects of those extracts were tested on the development of ethanol-induced CPP. Ayahuasca, Bc or Pv were administered before ethanol injections during conditioning sessions. While Bc and Pv exerted no effects on ethanol-induced CPP, pretreatment with ayahuasca blocked the development of CPP to ethanol. Finally, the effects of a post-ethanol-conditioning treatment with ayahuasca, Bc or Pv on the expression of ethanol-induced CPP were tested. Animals were conditioned with ethanol, and subsequently treated with either ayahuasca, Bc or Pv in the CPP environment previously associated with saline or ethanol for 6 days. Animals were then reexposed to ethanol and ethanol-induced CPP was quantified on the following day. Treatment with all compounds in the ethanol-paired environment blocked the expression of ethanol-induced CPP. Administration of an intermediate, but not a high, dose of ayahuasca and Bc, as well as Pv administration, in the saline-paired compartment blocked the expression of ethanol-induced CPP. The present study sheds light into the components underlying the therapeutic effects of ayahuasca on ethanol abuse, indicating that ayahuasca and its plant components can decrease ethanol reward at doses that do not exert abuse liability. Importantly, the treatment environment seems to influence the therapeutic effects of ayahuasca and Bc, providing important insights into clinical practice