Lasiurus ebenus Fazzolari-Correa 1994

<i>Lasiurus ebenus</i> Fazzolari-Corrêa, 1994 <p>Black hairy-tailed bat</p> <p> <b>Holotype.</b> Adult male collected at Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso (25°05'S, 47°59'W, elev. 40 m), São Paulo, Brazil (Fazzolari-Corrêa 1995). Skin, partial skeleton and skull are deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP 28125).</p> <p> <b>Other specimen.</b> Adult male (MN 83982) composed by whole body (in alcohol) with the skull removed, collected at Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho (24°10'S, 47°58'W, elev. 630 m), São Paulo, Brazil.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Black wing membranes; dorsal and ventral pelage almost entirely black; first upper premolar present; and medium sized within the genus, with forearm length close to 45.5 mm.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> <i>Lasiurus ebenus</i> is a medium-sized species (body mass 12.5 g, 14 g; forearm length 45.6 mm, 45.7mm; other measurements are in Table 1). Membranes, muzzle, lip and ear borders are black. One-third to onehalf of the proximal portion of the interfemoral membrane and the ventral region of the humeri and forearms have bone-brown to dark-brown hairs. Ears are broad and rounded; tragus is triangular and measures ca. 50% of the height of the ear; hindfoot small, less than two-thirds of the length of the tibia; the calcar is about twice as long as the hindfoot, and about as long as the free margin of the interfemoral membrane. Pelage color is black in general, with dorsal fur tricolored (black basal band, bone-brown to dark-brown in the middle, black tips), and ventral fur bicolored (ca. 2/3 of the basis is bone-brown, and 1/3 of the tip is black); without stripes, frosting or spots (Fig. 1).</p> <p>Dental formula is i 1 /3 c 1/1 p 2/ 2 m 3/3 = 32. The second premolar is double-rooted, the rostrum is relatively short, and the braincase is broad, with a low sagittal crest.</p> <p> <b>Comparisons.</b> Rostrum short, sagittal crest weak, first upper premolar (P1) present, and fourth upper premolar (P4) double rooted indicate that <i>L. ebenus</i> belongs to the red bats group (see Baird <i>et al.</i> 2015), which also includes <i>L. atratus</i>, <i>L. blossevillii</i>, <i>L. borealis</i>, <i>L. castaneus</i>, <i>L. degelidus</i>, <i>L. egregius</i>, <i>L. minor</i>, <i>L. pfeifferi</i>, <i>L. seminolus</i>, and <i>L. varius</i> (see Baird <i>et al.</i> 2015; Fazzolari-Corrêa 1994). This group is represented in Brazil by <i>L. blossevillii</i>, <i>L. castaneus</i>, <i>L. ebenus</i> and <i>L. egregius</i> (see Nogueira <i>et al.</i> 2014). <i>Lasiurus ebenus</i> can be distinguished from these species by the pelage almost entirely black, and wing membranes black, which are diagnostic for the species. The pelage is reddish above and paler below in <i>L. blossevillii</i>; chestnut above and dark-brown below, with buffy-yellow and whitish patches on shoulders in <i>L. castaneus</i>; and reddish above and dark brown below, with bright red tips in <i>L. egregius</i>. <i>Lasiurus ebenus</i> (45.6 mm, 45.7 mm) is larger than <i>L. blossevillii</i> (forearm length: ~ 42 mm) and similar in size to <i>L. castaneus</i> (~ 45 mm) and <i>L. egregius</i> (forearm larger than 48 mm). Beyond fur color, <i>L. ebenus</i> can be distinguished from <i>L. castaneus</i> in the hindfoot length (11 mm in <i>ebenus</i>, 8 mm in <i>castaneus</i>), and the braincase breadth (7.6 mm in <i>ebenus</i>, 8.2 mm in <i>castaneus</i>; see Bianconi & Pedro, 2007; Fazzolari-Corrêa 1994; Handley 1960; Reid 2009).</p> <p> <i>Lasiurus cinereus</i> and <i>L. ega</i> also occur in Brazil (see Nogueira <i>et al.</i> 2014). The pelage of <i>L. ega</i> varies from pale whitish-buff to yellowish and orange, with ventral fur generally paler. <i>L. cinereus</i> has dorsal fur tricolored (basis and tips dark-brown, intermediate band yellowish, with a frosting appearance in general), and ventral fur bicolored (basis dark-brown, tips light-brown). These species are allocated in other morphological groups, and can be also distinguished from <i>L. ebenus</i> by a suite of qualitative and quantitative traits (Barquez <i>et al.</i> 1999; González 1989; Kurta & Lehr 1995; Vieira 1942).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> <i>L. ebenus</i> is known from two localities in the south portion of the Serra do Mar mountain chain (Fig. 4), which is the largest remnant of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. Both localities are composed by ombrophilous dense forest. The holotype comes from Ilha do Cardoso State Park, Cananéia, São Paulo, Brazil (25°05'S, 47°59'W, elev. 40 m); and the other specimen (MN 83982) comes from Carlos Botelho State Park, Sete Barras, São Paulo, Brazil, on the eastern slope of the Serra do Mar mountain chain (24°10'S, 47°58'W, elev. 630 m). The second record for the species is 101 kilometers away from the type locality (Fig. 4).</p> <p> <b>Natural history.</b> The holotype of <i>L. ebenus</i> was captured in a mist net placed over a stream in continuous forest. MN 83982 was captured on the lowest shelf of the mist net, which was about 1 m above the water. The water level was about one foot deep, and the substrate is composed by rocks and sand in a lotic water system. Representatives of other species of <i>Lasiurus</i> are often netted in similar conditions, feeding on insects that fly close to watercourses (Handley 1960, 1996; Kurta & Lehr 1995; Villalobos-Chaves & Dick 2014). We speculate that <i>L. ebenus</i> forages on watercourses and streams, catching insects in flight, similarly to its congeners. Bat flies collected in the holotype of <i>L. ebenus</i> were later described by Graciolli (2003) as a new species, <i>Basilia insularis</i>, from which the only reported host is still <i>L. ebenus</i> (Graciolli <i>et al.</i> 2007).</p>Published as part of <i>Cláudio, Vinícius C., Barbosa, Gedimar P., Novaes, Roberto Leonan M., Rassy, Fabrício B., Rocha, Vlamir J. & Moratelli, Ricardo, 2018, Second record of Lasiurus ebenus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), with comments on its taxonomic status, pp. 513-522 in Zootaxa 4403 (3)</i> on pages 516-519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4403.3.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1212931">http://zenodo.org/record/1212931</a&gt

Second record of Lasiurus ebenus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), with comments on its taxonomic status

Cláudio, Vinícius C., Barbosa, Gedimar P., Novaes, Roberto Leonan M., Rassy, Fabrício B., Rocha, Vlamir J., Moratelli, Ricardo (2018): Second record of Lasiurus ebenus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), with comments on its taxonomic status. Zootaxa 4403 (3): 513-522, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4403.3.

Code and data: Understanding temporal variability across trophic levels and spatial scales in freshwater ecosystems

<p>Code and data to reproduce the results in Siqueira et al. (submitted) published as a Preprint (https://doi.org/10.32942/osf.io/mpf5x)</p> <p>The full set of results, including those made available as supplementary material, can be reproduced by running five scripts in the <strong>R_codes</strong> folder following this sequence:</p> <ul> <li>01_Dataprep_stability_metrics.R</li> <li>02_SEM_analyses.R</li> <li>03_Stab_figs.R</li> <li>04_Stab_supp_m.R</li> <li>05_Sensit_analysis.R</li> </ul> <p>and using the data available in the <strong>Input_data</strong> folder.</p> <p>The original raw data made available include the abundance (individual counts, biomass, coverage area) of a given taxon, at a given site, in a given year. See details here https://doi.org/10.32942/osf.io/mpf5x</p> <p>However, this is a collaborative effort and not all authors are allowed to share their raw data. One data set (LEPAS), out of 30, was not made available due to data sharing policies of The Ohio Division of Wildlife (ODOW). So, in code "01_Dataprep_stability_metrics.R" all data made available are imported, except the LEPAS data set. For this specific data set, code "01_Dataprep_stability_metrics.R" imports variability and synchrony components estimated using the methods described in Wang et al. (2019 Ecography; doi/10.1111/ecog.04290), diversity metrics (alpha and gamma diversity), and some variables describing the data set.</p> <p>A protocol for requesting access to the LEPAS data sets can be found here:<br> https://ael.osu.edu/researchprojects/lake-erie-plankton-abundance-study-lepas</p> <p>Dataset owner: Ohio Department of Natural Resources – Division of Wildlife, managed by Jim Hood, Dept. of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University. Email: [email protected]</p> <p>Anyone who wants to reproduce the results described in the preprint can just download the whole R project (that includes code and data) and run codes from 01 to 05.</p> <p>I am making the whole R project folder (with everything needed to reproduce the results) available as a compressed file.</p>Acknowledgments. T.S. was supported by grants #19/04033-7 and #21/00619-7, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), and by grant #309496/2021-7, Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). Participation by CPH was supported, in part, by US National Science Foundation grant IOS-1754838. CPH thanks the PacFish/InFish Biological Opinion Monitoring Program (administered by the US Forest Service) for use of their long-term macroinvertebrate monitoring data. JDT is supported by a Rutherford Discovery Fellowship administered by the Royal Society Te Apārangi (RDF-18-UOC-007), and Bioprotection Aotearoa and Te Pūnaha Matatini, both Centres of Research Excellence funded by the Tertiary Education Commission, New Zealand. VS was supported by a FAPESP grant #2019/06291-3 during the writing of this manuscript. The FEHM (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management) research group is funded by the "Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca" (AGAUR) at the "Generalitat de Catalunya" (2017SGR1643). CCB thanks PELD-PIAP/CNPq for support. M.C. was supported by a Ramón y Cajal Fellowship (RYC2020-029829-I) and the Serra Hunter programme (Generalitat de Catalunya). GAG was supported by #DEB-2025982, NTL LTER. PH received financial support from the eLTER PLUS project (Grant Agreement #871128). JMH was supported by the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Program (F-69-P, Fish Management in Ohio), administered jointly by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the Division of Wildlife, Ohio Department of Natural Resources (projects FADR65, FADX09, and FADB02). KLH and RP thank the Oulanka Research Station. MBF thanks over 300 students, staff, and faculty that have participated in the Kentucky Lake Long-Term Monitoring Program at Hancock Biological Station, Murray State University, Murray, KY. MJJ thanks the Northumberland Wildlife Trust for site access. IISD-ELA zooplankton samples were counted and identified primarily by Willy Findlay and Alex Salki. Field collections within IISD-ELA were overseen by Mark Lyng and Ken Sandilands. Funding for most of the IISD-ELA data was provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada. PP and MS were supported by the Czech Science Foundation (P505-20-17305S). LCR is grateful to the Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia) at Universidade Estadual de Maringá for logistic support; CNPq/ PELD for financial support and CNPq for a scholarship. AR was supported by NSF CAREER #2047324 and by UC Berkeley new faculty funds. We thank countless colleagues at all partner institutes for their help with collecting the time series data