Sobreviver e/ou me graduar? os limites do Programa Auxílio Socioeconômico da Universidade de Brasília do ponto de vista de seus/suas beneficiários/as

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, 2015.A presente dissertação buscou analisar em que medida o Programa Auxílio Socioeconômico contribui para a permanência com qualidade do estudante em condição de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica na UnB. A pesquisa é qualitativa devido à natureza das questões avaliadas. Nesta perspectiva, discute-se o Estado de forma a compreender como são implementadas as políticas públicas, em especial a efetivação de políticas educacionais que possibilitem a ampliação ao acesso à educação e à permanência com qualidade. Portanto, foi necessário percorrer o histórico da criação da assistência estudantil, bem como, da UnB, entre outras questões referentes ao Programa Auxílio Socioeconômico. Como o tema ainda é pouco discutido na literatura educacional brasileira, além da revisão bibliográfica, a coleta de dados foi realizada com base na análise documental da legislação pertinente ao tema, em resoluções, e no Sistema de Graduação (SIGRA), assim como, nas análises das informações provenientes de questionários, realizadas com os sujeitos da pesquisa – estudantes com IRA menor ou igual a 3. Os resultados da pesquisa revelam que o Programa contribui, de certa forma, para a permanência do estudante na universidade. Entretanto, conforme os relatos dos discentes, o valor do auxílio precisa ser maior para que a qualidade do ensino de fato exista. As condições de vulnerabilidade socioeconômicas que eles vivenciam ultrapassam o ambiente da Universidade e interfere sobremaneira na qualidade da sua formação acadêmica. Este estudo também revelou que há pontos explícitos de conflito entre o que os/as estudantes entendem em relação ao que seja qualidade da educação e em relação àquilo que é previsto na legislação da Universidade. De modo que, infere-se que a legislação adota a corrente hegemônica, tendo em vista que avalia os discentes por meio da quantidade de trancamentos de semestre, da mesma maneira que, a quantidade de menções baixas. Entretanto, os estudantes avaliam a qualidade da educação por meio de suas experiências, da realidade social e do contexto que estão inseridos, e das dificuldades que vivenciam, por isso adotam qualidade de educação na perceptiva social. Por fim, enfatiza algumas recomendações visando à permanência com qualidade do estudante em condição de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica na UnB, beneficiário do Programa Auxílio Socioeconômico.This work aimed to analyze to what extent the Socioeconomic Aid Program contributes to the permanence with quality of students in socioeconomic vulnerability condition at UNB. In this perspective, we discuss the State in order to understand how public policies are implemented, especially the effectiveness of educational policies which targets the expansion of accessibility to education and permanence with quality. Therefore, it was necessary to go through the history of University of Brasilia and the creation of Student Assistance, among other issues related to the Program. As the theme is still little discussed in the Brazilian educational literature, in addition to literature review, data collection was based on desk review of relevant legislation, resolutions and Grading System (SIGRA) as well as the information collected from questionnaires applied with the subjects - students with lower IRA or equal to 3. The survey results reveal that the program contributes in some way to the student's permanence at University. However, as the students report, the amount of aid must be higher in order to achieve with quality the program objectives. The socioeconomic vulnerability condition, which they experience, goes beyond the environment of the university and interferes greatly in the quality of their education. This study also revealed that there are explicit conflicts points between the students understand about what is quality of education regarding what is provided by the University legislation. In this way, we can infer that the laws adopt a hegemonic stream, considering that it evaluates students by academic achievement and University evasion. In other hand, students evaluate the quality of education through their experience, society position and context; consequently, they adopt the concept of quality education in social perceptive. Finally, it highlights some recommendations to the permanence with quality of the student in socioeconomic vulnerability condition at UNB, the program’s beneficiary

Nascidos vivos com hemangioma e linfangioma no Brasil: estudo epidemiológico.

Introduction: Hemangiomas and lymphangiomas represent congenital vascular conditions affecting the circulatory and lymphatic systems, respectively. Hemangiomas consist of abnormal blood vessels, while lymphangiomas are composed of altered lymphatic vessels. Both conditions are typically identified in newborns or young children, though they can manifest at any age. Methodology: This study constitutes a descriptive epidemiological analysis focused on investigating cases of hemangioma and lymphangioma in live births in Brazil. Data collection will be conducted through the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) during the period from 2017 to 2021. Results: In the Northern region, 25 cases were recorded, representing 4.86% of the total live births with hemangioma and lymphangioma in the sample. In the Northeast region, this proportion is slightly higher, with 76 cases, accounting for 14.79% of the total. The Southeast holds the highest proportion, with 316 cases, representing a significant 61.48% of the sample. In the Southern region, 69 cases were recorded, comprising 13.42% of the total. Finally, in the Central-West region, 28 cases were counted, representing 5.45% of the sample. Conclusion: This meticulous analysis of variables related to live births with these conditions provides valuable insights that go beyond mere numerical understanding. The relevance of this profile is evident when considering various aspects.Introdução: Hemangiomas e linfangiomas representam condições vasculares congênitas que afetam o sistema circulatório e linfático, respectivamente. Os hemangiomas são formados por vasos sanguíneos anormais, enquanto os linfangiomas são compostos por vasos linfáticos alterados. Ambas as condições são geralmente identificadas em recém-nascidos ou crianças pequenas, embora possam se manifestar em qualquer idade. Metodologia: Esta pesquisa configura uma análise epidemiológica descritiva voltada para a investigação de casos de hemangioma e linfangioma em nascidos vivos no Brasil. A coleta de dados será conduzida por meio do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) no período compreendido entre 2017 e 2021. Resultado: Na região Norte, foram registrados 25 casos, representando 4,86% do total de nascidos vivos com hemangioma e linfangioma na amostra. Já na região Nordeste, essa proporção é um pouco maior, com 76 casos, correspondendo a 14,79% do total. O Sudeste detém a maior proporção, com 316 casos, representando expressivos 61,48% da amostra. Na região Sul, foram registrados 69 casos, compreendendo 13,42% do total. Por fim, na região Centro-Oeste, foram contabilizados 28 casos, representando 5,45% da amostra. Conclusão: Essa análise minuciosa das variáveis relacionadas a nascidos vivos com essas condições proporciona insights valiosos que transcendem a simples compreensão numérica. A relevância desse perfil é evidente ao considerar vários aspectos

Morphological atypia and molecular profile of

This study aimed to perform morphological and molecular analyses of parasites isolated from the blood of malaria-infected individuals during an outbreak in the Microregion of Cametá, State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon. A total of 260 positive samples were identified by microscopy as Plasmodium vivax; however, in three samples, forms considered unusual for the species were found and defined as morphological atypia of P. vivax. Single P. vivax infection was confirmed by qPCR in all samples. Among 256 genotyped samples, the VK247 genotype alone was identified in 255 samples, and the VK210 genotype was found in only one. The study showed that this malaria outbreak was caused by the etiological agent P. vivax, and for the first time, morphological atypia was described in isolates circulating in Brazil. Likewise, for the first time, the VK247 genotype was detected predominantly in single infections in an area of the State of Pará, which may suggest a greater circulation of the genotype in the region

Réflexions sur la situation du marché de la carpe

The par tic i pa tion of nitric oxide (NO) in the con trol of blood par a si te mia and par a sit ism dur ing the acute phase of infec tion in dogs inoc u lated with blood try pom astig otes ( BT) or meta cy clic try pom astig otes (MT group) of Bere nice -78 Try pan o soma cru zi strain has been eval u ated. Ani mals of the MT group (n = 4) pre sented increased lev els of serum NO through out the infec tion when com pared with the BT ( n = 4) or con trol (n = 4) groups, and a delay in par a si te mia peak com pared with the BT group. In spleen frag ments, tis sue par a sit ism was not observed but the MT group pre sented larger areas asso ci ated with induc ible NO syn thase (iNOS) in rela tion to BT and con trol groups. Heart frag ments of MT-infected ani mals exhib ited com par a tively low tis sue par a sit ism and high iNOS expres sion, while ani mals of the BT group pre sented high inflam ma tory infil trate, high tis sue par a sit ism and low iNOS expres sion. These results indi cate that the source of inoc u lum can inter- fere with the devel op ment of the acute phase of Cha gas dis ease, and may also trig ger a dis tinct par a site–host inter ac tion dur ing this phase

Biochemical characterization and assessment of leishmanicidal effects of a new L-amino acid oxidase from Crotalus durissus collilineatus snake venom (CollinLA AO-I).

peer reviewedThis study reports the isolation of CollinLAAO-I, a new L-amino acid oxidase from Crotalus durissus collilineatus snake venom, its biochemical characterization and leishmanicidal potential in Leishmania spp. CollinLAAO-I (63.1 kDa) was successfully isolated with high purity using two chromatographic steps and represents 2.5% of total venom proteins. CollinLAAO-I displayed high enzymatic activity (4262.83 U/mg/min), significantly reducing after 28 days. The enzymatic activity of CollinLAAO-I revealed higher affinity for hydrophobic amino acids such as L-leucine, high enzymatic activity in a wide pH range (6.0-10.0), at temperatures from 0 to 25 °C, and showed complete inhibition in the presence of Na+ and K+. Cytotoxicity assays revealed IC50 of 18.49 and 11.66 μg/mL for Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and Leishmania (L.) infantum, respectively, and the cytotoxicity was completely suppressed by catalase. CollinLAAO-I significantly increased the intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced the mitochondrial potential of both Leishmania species. Furthermore, CollinLAAO-I decreased the parasite capacity to infect macrophages by around 70%, indicating that even subtoxic concentrations of CollinLAAO-I can interfere with Leishmania vital processes. Thus, the results obtained for CollinLAAO-I provide important support for developing therapeutic strategies against leishmaniasis

Ambulatory and hospitalized patients with suspected and confirmed mpox: an observational cohort study from BrazilResearch in context

Summary: Background: By October 30, 2022, 76,871 cases of mpox were reported worldwide, with 20,614 cases in Latin America. This study reports characteristics of a case series of suspected and confirmed mpox cases at a referral infectious diseases center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, observational cohort study that enrolled all patients with suspected mpox between June 12 and August 19, 2022. Mpox was confirmed by a PCR test. We compared characteristics of confirmed and non-confirmed cases, and among confirmed cases according to HIV status using distribution tests. Kernel estimation was used for exploratory spatial analysis. Findings: Of 342 individuals with suspected mpox, 208 (60.8%) were confirmed cases. Compared to non-confirmed cases, confirmed cases were more frequent among individuals aged 30–39 years, cisgender men (96.2% vs. 66.4%; p < 0.0001), reporting recent sexual intercourse (95.0% vs. 69.4%; p < 0.0001) and using PrEP (31.6% vs. 10.1%; p < 0.0001). HIV (53.2% vs. 20.2%; p < 0.0001), HCV (9.8% vs. 1.1%; p = 0.0046), syphilis (21.2% vs. 16.3%; p = 0.43) and other STIs (33.0% vs. 21.6%; p = 0.042) were more frequent among confirmed mpox cases. Confirmed cases presented more genital (77.3% vs. 39.8%; p < 0.0001) and anal lesions (33.1% vs. 11.5%; p < 0.0001), proctitis (37.1% vs. 13.3%; p < 0.0001) and systemic signs and symptoms (83.2% vs. 64.5%; p = 0.0003) than non-confirmed cases. Compared to confirmed mpox HIV-negative, HIV-positive individuals were older, had more HCV coinfection (15.2% vs. 3.7%; p = 0.011), anal lesions (45.7% vs. 20.5%; p < 0.001) and clinical features of proctitis (45.2% vs. 29.3%; p = 0.058). Interpretation: Mpox transmission in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, rapidly evolved into a local epidemic, with sexual contact playing a crucial role in its dynamics and high rates of coinfections with other STI. Preventive measures must address stigma and social vulnerabilities. Funding: Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (INI-Fiocruz)