74 research outputs found

    Visual analytics for the interpretation of fluency tests during Alzheimer evaluation

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    International audienceA possible way to evaluate the progress of Alzheimer disease is to conduct the Isaac set test [13, 14]. In this activity, patients are asked to cite the largest possible number of city names within a minute. Since the city names are handwritten very quickly by a medical practitioner some cities are abbreviated or poorly written. In order to analyze such data, medical practitioners need to digitize the notes first and clean the dataset. Because these tasks are intricate and error prone we propose a novel set of tools, involving interactive visualization techniques, to help medical practitioners in the digitization and data-cleaning process. This system will be tested as part of an ongoing longitudinal study involving 9500 patients

    Le TOP 12 : comment s'en servir pour repérer une pathologie du vieillissement cognitif ?

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    International audienceIntroduction. Le TOP 12 examine la mémoire collective simplement et rapidement par huit types de question portant sur le souvenir de la vie de 12 célébrités nommément désignées. Objectifs. Vérifier la corrélation entre les scores moyens et le degré de sévérité de la pathologie ; déterminer un seuil permettant de conjecturer sur l'état de la personne au vu de son score au test. Méthodes. L'échantillon est composé de 145 sujets (91 témoins, 32 patients présentant une maladie d'Alzheimer, 21 patients ayant un trouble cognitif léger de type amnésique ou MCIa, 1 patient ayant une démence sémantique). Les propriétés diagnostiques du TOP 12 ont pu être mises en avant en confrontant deux méthodologies : le centilage et la courbe Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC). Résultats. L'ordre des moyennes et l'ordre des niveaux de gravité pathologique des groupes sont corrélés. Le seuil qui optimise le compromis entre la sensibilité (Se) et la spécificité (Sp) est donné par la méthodologie de la courbe ROC (83 points ; Se = 0,83 ; Sp = 0,70). Le cinquième centile s'avère non optimal étant donné qu'il majore les omissions. Conclusion. Cette validation externe du TOP 12 montre l'intérêt de la méthodologie de la courbe ROC. Mots clés : mémoire collective * TOP 12 * propriétés diagnostiques * centilage * courbe RO

    Le TOP 12 : comment interpréter les réponses comme des mesures de la capacité de la mémoire collective ?

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    International audienceIntroduction. Le TOP 12 évalue la mémoire collective au travers d'une série de huit types de questions portant sur le souvenir de la vie de 12 célébrités nommément désignées. La validation de tels tests est souvent envisagée dans le seul but de prédire un critère externe au test (validation externe) ; la validation interne n'est quant à elle que très rarement étudiée. Objectifs. Montrer comment les réponses obtenues peuvent mesurer une seule grandeur hypothétique (appelée aussi construit) : la capacité de la mémoire collective. Méthodes. L'échantillon est composé de 145 sujets (91 témoins, 32 patients présentant une maladie d'Alzheimer, 21 patients ayant un trouble cognitif léger de type amnésique, 1 patient ayant une démence sémantique). Deux étapes sont nécessaires : modéliser les réponses aux items à l'aide d'un modèle de réponse à l'item à trois paramètres et tester l'unidimensionnalité des scores estimés. Résultats. Les huit modèles s'ajustent étroitement aux données. L'analyse factorielle confirmatoire ne permet pas de rejeter l'idée selon laquelle les huit types de questions mesurent bien une seule et unique grandeur hypothétique. Conclusion. La modélisation psychométrique des données observées avec le TOP 12 indique qu'elles mesurent la capacité de la mémoire collective. Mots clés : mémoire collective * TOP 12 * validation interne * modélisation psychométrique * grandeur hypothétiqu

    Is iEEG-based cognitive neuroscience research clinically relevant? Examination of three "neuromemes"

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    International audienceMuch progress has been made in the field of cognitive neuroscience thanks to intracerebral EEG (iEEG) research, largely due to the possibility of directly recording brain activity with unsurpassed spatial and temporal precision while patients perform cognitive tasks. However, do these patients gain anything from the time and effort they devote to this endeavour? In this chapter, we focus on three neuromemes, the "eloquent cortex", "localisationism" and the "nociferous cortex" to provide possible answers to this question. We discuss the value of these neuromemes and show that clinical care of epilepsy and iEEG-based cognitive neuroscience are consubstantial in the sense that iEEG during epilepsy assessment provides an understanding of physiological processes of the healthy brain; but also, that cognitive iEEG research in epileptic patients has a direct impact on semiology and curative neurosurgery. Last, we highlight how recent cognitive iEEG research provides insights into interictal complaints and could improve identification of the epileptogenic zone

    Disorders of face processing

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    Contextual novelty detection and novelty-related memory enhancement in amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

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    peer reviewedIntroduction: Though novelty processing plays a critical role in memory function, little is known about how it influences learning in memory-impaired populations, such as amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI).Methods: 21 aMCI patients and 22 age- and education-matched healthy older participants performed two tasks— (i) an oddball paradigm where fractals that were often repeated (60% of the stimuli), less frequently repeated (20%), or novel (presented once each) were shown to assess novelty preference (longer viewing time for novel than familiar stimuli), and (ii) a Von Restorff paradigm assessing novelty-related effects on memory. Participants studied 22 lists of 10 words. Among these lists, 18 contained an isolated word different from the others by its distinctive aspect, here the font size (90-point, 120-point or 150-point against 60-point for non-isolated words). The remaining four were control lists without isolated words. After studying each list, participants freely recalled the maximum words possible.Results: For the oddball task, a group-by-stimulus type ANOVA on median viewing times revealed a significant effect of stimulus type, but not of group. Both groups spent more time on novel stimuli. For the Von Restorff task, both aMCI and healthy controls recalled the isolated words (presented in 120-point or 150-point, but not 90-point) better than others (excluding primacy and recency effects). Novelty-related memory benefit—gain factor—was computed as the difference between the recall scores for isolated and other words. A group-by-font size ANOVA on gain factors revealed no group effect, nor interaction, suggesting that aMCI patients benefited from novelty, alike controls.Conclusion: Novelty preference and the boosting effect of isolation-related novelty on subsequent recall seem preserved despite impaired episodic memory in aMCI patients. This is discussed in the light of contemporary divergent theories regarding the relationship between novelty and memory, as either being independent or parts of a continuum.</p
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