Atividade altiulcerogênica de Indigofera truxillensis Kunth

The genus Indigofera (Fabaceae) is used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal pain. In this study, we investigated the antiulcerogenic properties of Indigofera truxillensis Kunth. Oral administration of MeOH extract did not produce any signals of acute toxicity. The antiulcerogenic activity was assessed in different models of acute gastric ulcers (100% ethanol, piroxicam 30 mg.kg-1, hypothermic restraint stress and pylorus ligature) in mice and rats. The animals were treated with the drugs lanzoprazole (30 mg.kg-1) or cimetidine (100 mg.kg-1) as positive controls depending on the performed model. In another experiment with ethanol-induced ulcers in rats, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), a sulfhydryl group blocker, was also used. The MeOH extract, at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg.kg-1, inhibited the gastric lesions in all experiments: a) by 62%, 69% and 32%, respectively, in piroxicam-induced lesions, b) by 43%, 71% and 98%, in ethanol-induced lesions, c) by 69%, 64 and 89%, in hypothermic-restraint stress-induced lesions, d) by 73%, 82% and 84%, in pylorus ligature lesions. Significant changes in the total gastric acid levels were also found after intraduodenal administration of the MeOH extract in the ligated pylorus model. Pre treatment with NEM reduced partially the antiulcerogenic activity of the MeOH extract in ethanol-induced gastric lesions. This result indicates an increase in the levels of non-protein sulfhydryl groups by MeOH extract in the gastric mucosa. These results indicate that the MeOH extract has antisecretory and citoprotective effects that may be related to the presence of flavonoids detected by phytochemical analysis.O gênero Indigofera (Fabaceae) é utilizado na medicina tradicional para distúrbios gastrintestinais. Em nosso trabalho foi investigada a propriedade antiulcerogênica da Indigofera truxillensis Kunth. A administração oral do extrato metanólico (MeOH) não produziu efeitos tóxicos. A atividade antiulcerogênica foi avaliada em diferentes modelos agudos de úlcera gástrica (etanol 100%, piroxicam 30 mg.kg-1, estresse por retenção e frio e ligadura do piloro) em camundongos e ratos. Os animais foram tratados com lansoprazol (30 mg.kg-1) ou cimetidina (100 mg.kg-1), que foram utilizados como controle positivo dependendo do modelo testado. Em outro experimento com úlcera induzida por etanol em ratos, N-etilmaleimida (NEM), um bloqueador dos compostos sulfidríla, também foi utilizado. O extrato metanólico, nas doses de 250, 500 e 1000 mg.kg-1, inibiu significativamente as lesões gástricas em todos os experimentos: a) 62%, 69% e 32%, respectivamente, nas lesões gástricas induzidas por piroxicam, b) 43%, 71% e 98%, nas lesões gástricas induzidas por etanol, c) 69%, 64% e 89%, nas lesões gástricas induzidas por estresse por contenção e frio, d) 73%, 82% e 84%, nas lesões gástricas induzidas por ligadura de piloro. Alterações significativas foram observadas na concentração total de ácido gástrico após a administração via intraduodenal do extrato MeOH no modelo de ligadura do piloro. Pré-tratamento com NEM reduziu parcialmente a atividade antiulcerogênica do extrato MeOH na úlcera induzida por etanol, o que sugere um aumento nos níveis de compostos sulfidríla pelo extrato MeOH na mucosa gástrica. Os resultados indicam que o extrato MeOH possui um efeito antisecretor e citoprotetor, e que tais efeitos podem estar relacionados com a presença de flavonóides detectados por análise fitoquímica no extrato MeOH.00Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Antiulcerogenic activity of crude extracts, fractions and active compound from the species Vernonia polyanthes e Vernonia ferruginea

Orientador: Alba Regina Monteiro Souza BritoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: O gênero Vernonia (Asteraceae) compreende cerca de 1000 espécies, figurando como o gênero mais representativo da sua família. Do ponto de vista sistemático, Vernonia é um dos gêneros mais complexos da família Asteraceae, principalmente pela extrema diversidade de formas biológicas que exibe, desde pequenas ervas até grandes árvores. O gênero possui um grande potencial farmacológico e é sempre mencionado em trabalhos etnofarmacológicos. Só no banco de dados Pubmed o termo ¿Vernonia¿ foi citado 126 vezes até Dezembro de 2006. No presente trabalho, a atividade antiulcerogênica de duas espécies do gênero Vernonia (Vernonia polyanthes Less. e Vernonia ferruginea Less.) foi investigada. Ambas as espécies estão presentes no cerrado, embora possuam ampla distribuição pelo território brasileiro, e são empregadas popularmente para o tratamento de bronquite, tosse, asma, cálculo renal, etc. Inicialmente foram realizados ensaios fitoquímicos e farmacológicos nos extratos brutos, clorofórmico e metanólico, de cada espécie. Foi identificada a presença de flavonóides e terpenóides em ambas as espécies, além da presença de atividade antiulcerogênica em todos os extratos brutos avaliados. Investigamos a seguir alguns dos possíveis mecanismos de ação dos extratos mais eficazes de cada espécie, do extrato metanólico da V. ferruginea (EMVF), rico em flavonóides e do extrato clorofórmico da V. polyanthes (ECVP), rico em terpenóides. Concluímos que eles estão relacionados a um aumento na produção de muco aderido à mucosa gástrica e dependem em parte da presença de óxido nítrico (NO) e radicais sulfidríla (SHs). O extrato ECVP foi então fracionado em fração clorofórmica (FCVP) e metanólica (FMVP) e o extrato EMVF foi particionado em fração acetato (FAVF) para avaliação farmacológica em modelos de úlcera crônica e aguda induzida. A fração FMVP, a mais eficaz dentre as duas espécies estudadas, foi então submetida a ensaios fitoquímicos objetivando a identificação da sua substância majoritária. O lupeol, triterpeno pentacíclico da família dos lupanos, foi identificado como o princípio ativo da espécie V. polyanthes e novos ensaios farmacológicos foram então realizados para elucidação dos seus mecanismos de ação. Foi identificado um aumento na produção de muco em animais pré-tratados com o lupeol, relacionado à presença de NO. Observou-se também uma boa atividade antiinflamatória na mucosa gástrica, através da diminuição da infiltração de neutrófilos, relacionada a uma diminuição na produção de PGE2. O lupeol, na dose investigada, não promoveu aumento significativo no pH do suco gástrico, o que descarta uma possível atividade anti-secretória. Por fim, nos estudos crônicos de indução de úlcera, o lupeol não apresentou toxicidade in vivo e demonstrou possuir uma grande atividade cicatrizante das lesões gástricas, provavelmente não relacionada à presença da Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) e proliferação celular (PCNA) na borda da lesão. No presente trabalho, através do fracionamento biomonitorado das espécies V. polyanthes e V. ferruginea, identificamos a substância antiulcerogênica lupeol. A sua alta atividade gastroprotetora aliada à sua baixa toxicidade in vivo fazem do lupeol um fármaco potencial para o tratamento de úlceras gástricasAbstract: The genus Vernonia (Asteraceae), which includes about 1.000 species, figures as the most representative from its family. From a systematic point of view, Vernonia is one of the most complex genus of its family, mainly because of its diverse biological forms, from small herbs through big trees. This genus possesses a great pharmacological potential and is always mentioned by ethnopharmacological works. Evidence for the interest in this genus is the number of citations in the database Pubmed. This exceeds 126 for the keyword ¿Vernonia¿, as of December, 2006. In the present work, the antiulcerogenic effect of two species from genus Vernonia (Vernonia polyanthes Less. and Vernonia ferruginea Less.) was evaluated. Both species are found predominately in Brazilian savannah, although they are widespread over Brazilian territory. They are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of bronchitis, cough, asthma and renal calculus. Initially, phytochemical and pharmacological assays were done with the crude methanolic and chloroformic extracts from each species. Flavonoids and terpenoids were identified in both species, and all crude extracts presented an antiulcerogenic effect. Soon afterward we evaluated some of the action mechanisms from the most effective crude extracts, the methanolic extract from V. ferruginea (EMVF), a flavonoid rich extract, and the chloroformic extract from V. polyanthes (ECVP), a terpenoid rich extract. They both presented an increase in gastric mucus content, and depended in part of the nitric oxide (NO) and sulfhydryls (SHs) presence. ECVP was then fractionated in a chloroformic (FCVP) and methanolic fraction (FMVP), while EMVF was partitioned in an acetate fraction (FAVF) for pharmacological approaches in chronic and acute models. FMVP, the most effective fraction, had its majority compound identified. Lupeol, a lupane pentacyclic triterpene, was identified as the active compound from V. polyanthes, and new assays were done to evaluate its action mechanisms. Lupeol increased gastric mucus content in rats, probably mediated by NO presence. It also presented anti-inflammatory properties in gastric mucosa, reducing PGE2 production and neutrophil infiltration. On its effective dose, it didn¿t decreased the gastric acid output. On the other hand, Lupeol showed on a chronic model of ulcer induction a great healing effect with no toxicity in vivo, probably not related to the presence of Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) and cellular proliferation (PCNA) on the ulcer border. In the present work, in a biomonitored fractionation process of the species V. polyanthes and V. ferruginea, we identified the antiulcerogenic compound lupeol. Its high gastroprotective effect allied to its low toxicity in vivo, turns it a potential drug for treating gastric ulcersDoutoradoFisiologiaDoutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecula

Antiulcerogenic activity of Indigofera truxillensis Kunth

The genus Indigofera (Fabaceae) is used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal pain. In this study, we investigated the antiulcerogenic properties of Indigofera truxillensis Kunth. Oral administration of MeOH extract did not produce any signals of acute toxicity. The antiulcerogenic activity was assessed in different models of acute gastric ulcers (100% ethanol, piroxicam 30 mg.kg-1, hypothermic restraint stress and pylorus ligature) in mice and rats. The animals were treated with the drugs lanzoprazole (30 mg.kg-1) or cimetidine (100 mg.kg-1) as positive controls depending on the performed model. In another experiment with ethanol-induced ulcers in rats, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), a sulfhydryl group blocker, was also used. The MeOH extract, at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg.kg-1, inhibited the gastric lesions in all experiments: a) by 62%, 69% and 32%, respectively, in piroxicam-induced lesions, b) by 43%, 71% and 98%, in ethanol-induced lesions, c) by 69%, 64 and 89%, in hypothermic-restraint stress-induced lesions, d) by 73%, 82% and 84%, in pylorus ligature lesions. Significant changes in the total gastric acid levels were also found after intraduodenal administration of the MeOH extract in the ligated pylorus model. Pre treatment with NEM reduced partially the antiulcerogenic activity of the MeOH extract in ethanol-induced gastric lesions. This result indicates an increase in the levels of non-protein sulfhydryl groups by MeOH extract in the gastric mucosa. These results indicate that the MeOH extract has antisecretory and citoprotective effects that may be related to the presence of flavonoids detected by phytochemical analysis

Should Anacardium humile St. Hil be used as an antiulcer agent? A scientific approach to the traditional knowledge

The crude methanolic extract (ME) obtained from the leaves of Anacardium humile was evaluated orally at doses of 250-500-1000 mg/kg on gastric lesion on ethanol and piroxicam induced gastric lesions in rodents. All the tested doses significantly inhibited gastric lesions by 56 to 100%. These results seems to support the traditional use of this species in the treatment of gastric diseases. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Should Anacardium Humile St. Hil Be Used As An Antiulcer Agent? A Scientific Approach To The Traditional Knowledge.

The crude methanolic extract (ME) obtained from the leaves of Anacardium humile was evaluated orally at doses of 250-500-1000 mg/kg on gastric lesion on ethanol and piroxicam induced gastric lesions in rodents. All the tested doses significantly inhibited gastric lesions by 56 to 100%. These results seems to support the traditional use of this species in the treatment of gastric diseases.79207-

Vernonia Polyanthes As A New Source Of Antiulcer Drugs.

Methanolic (VPME) and chloroformic (VPCL) extracts, obtained from the aerial parts of Vernonia polyanthes, were investigated for its antiulcerogenic properties. Administration of VPME (250 mg/kg) and VPCL (50 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the gastric mucosa damage (64% and 90%, respectively) caused by absolute ethanol (p.o.). Otherwise, in NSAID-induced gastric damage, their gastroprotective effects have decreased. Since the VPCL extract resulted to be more effective than the VPME we focused our efforts over VPCL action mechanism of action.78545-5

Vernonia polyanthes as a new source of antiulcer drugs

Methanolic (VPME) and chloroformic (VPCL) extracts, obtained from the aerial parts of Vernonia polyanthes, were investigated for its antiulcerogenic properties. Administration of VPME (250 mg/kg) and VPCL (50 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the gastric mucosa damage (64% and 90%, respectively) caused by absolute ethanol (p.o.). Otherwise, in NSAID-induced gastric damage, their gastroprotective effects have decreased. Since the VPCL extract resulted to be more effective than the VPME we focused our efforts over VPCL action mechanism of action. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Indigofera Suffruticosa Mill As New Source Of Healing Agent: Involvement Of Prostaglandin And Mucus And Heat Shock Proteins.

Indigofera suffruticosa is specie typical of the Cerrado or Brazilian savannah; it is a member of the Fabaceae family - in folkmedicine is used for gastric disorders, infection and inflammation. Ethyl acetate fraction (AcF) and aqueous fraction (AqF) of the methanolic extract of I. suffruticosa leaves were evaluated against acute gastric ulcer. The AcF fraction was selected to assess its activity in ulcer healing and its gastroprotective effects via mucus and gastric secretion. The gastroprotective action of AcF and AqF fractions were evaluated in a rodent experimental model. The action mechanisms, involvements of the antisecretory action, mucus and prostaglandin production, toxicological and healing activity of the AcF (100mg/kg, p.o.) were evaluated. We also used histological analysis (HE and PAS) and immunohistochemical (PCNA and HSP-70) assays to evaluate the effects of I. suffruticosa. AcF significantly inhibited the gastric mucosal damage caused by ethanol. This effect was statistically significant in 100mg/kg group compared vehicle. AcF did not interfered with gastric secretion, significantly increased the PGE(2) and mucus production (validated in PAS technique). The gastroprotection was attenuated by pretreatment with N-ethylmaleimide, but not L-NAME. In acid-acetic-induced ulcer model AcF accelerated ulcer healing. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed induction of proliferating cell (PCNA) and heat shock protein (HSP 70). These results showed that AcF acted as gastroprotective agent stimulating prostaglandin, mucus and HSP70.137192-

Antioxidant Activity Of Indigo And Its Preventive Effect Against Ethanol-induced Dna Damage In Rat Gastric Mucosa.

Ethanol-induced oxidative damage is commonly associated with the generation of reactive oxygen molecules, leading to oxidative stress. Considering that antioxidant activity is an important mechanism of action involved in cytoprotection, the aim of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the alkaloid indigo (1) (2 mg/kg, P. O.), obtained from the leaves of Indigofera truxillensis Kunth (Fabaceae), on rat gastric mucosa submitted to ethanol-induced (100%, 1 mL, P. O.) gastric ulcer. Enzymatic assays and DNA fragmentation analysis were performed. When ethanol was administered to the control group, the sulfhydryl content (SH) and the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity decreased by 41% and 50%, respectively; in contrast, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities increased by 56% and 67%, respectively. Additionally, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, a marker for free radical generation caused by polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) tissue infiltration, also increased 4.5-fold after ethanol treatment. Rat gastric mucosa exposed to ethanol showed DNA fragmentation. Indigo alkaloid pretreatment protected rats from ethanol-induced gastric lesions. This effect was determined by the ulcerative lesion area (ULA), indicating an inhibition of around 80% at 2 mg/kg. This alkaloid also diminished GPx activity, which was higher than that observed with ethanol alone. However, this effect was counterbalanced by increased GR activity. Indigo was unable to restore alterations in SOD activity promoted by ethanol. After indigo pretreatment, SH levels and MPO activity remained normal and gastric mucosa DNA damage caused by ethanol was also partially prevented by indigo. These results suggest that the gastroprotective mechanisms of indigo include non-enzymatic antioxidant effects and the inhibition of PMN infiltration which, in combination, partially protect the gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced DNA damage.731241-

Indigofera suffruticosa Mill as new source of healing agent: Involvement of prostaglandin and mucus and heat shock proteins

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Indigofera suffruticosa is specie typical of the Cerrado or Brazilian savannah; it is a member of the Fabaceae family - in folkmedicine is used for gastric disorders, infection and inflammation.Aim of the study: Ethyl acetate fraction (AcF) and aqueous fraction (AqF) of the methanolic extract of I. suffruticosa leaves were evaluated against acute gastric ulcer. The AcF fraction was selected to assess its activity in ulcer healing and its gastroprotective effects via mucus and gastric secretion.Materials and methods: The gastroprotective action of AcF and AqF fractions were evaluated in a rodent experimental model. The action mechanisms, involvements of the antisecretory action, mucus and prostaglandin production, toxicological and healing activity of the AcF (100 mg/kg, p.o.) were evaluated. We also used histological analysis (HE and PAS) and immunohistochemical (PCNA and HSP-70) assays to evaluate the effects of I. suffruticosa.Results: AcF significantly inhibited the gastric mucosal damage caused by ethanol. This effect was statistically significant in 100 mg/kg group compared vehicle. AcF did not interfered with gastric secretion, significantly increased the PGE(2) and mucus production (validated in PAS technique). The gastroprotection was attenuated by pretreatment with N-ethylmaleimide, but not L-NAME. In acid-acetic-induced ulcer model AcF accelerated ulcer healing. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed induction of proliferating cell (PCNA) and heat shock protein (HSP 70).Conclusions: These results showed that AcF acted as gastroprotective agent stimulating prostaglandin, mucus and HSP70. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved