297 research outputs found
Entwicklung von QualitĂ€tsstandards und optimierten Verarbeitungsverfahren fĂŒr biologisch angebaute Produkte
Ziel des SusOrganic Projektes war es, verbesserte Trocknungs- und KĂŒhl-/Gefrierverfahren fĂŒr Bio-produkte im Hinblick auf Nachhaltigkeit und objektive ProduktqualitĂ€tskriterien zu entwickeln. ZunĂ€chst konzentrierte sich das Konsortium auf ein vordefiniertes Set von Produkten zur Untersuchung (Fisch, Fleisch, Obst und GemĂŒse). Der Austausch mit den Akteuren im Obst- und GemĂŒsesektor zeigte, dass nur wenig Ănderungsbedarf zur Verbesserung der Prozesse wahrgenommen wird. Gleichzeitig wurde deutlich, dass im Besonderen Hopfen- und KrĂ€uterproduzenten (Trocknung) vor mehreren Herausforderungen in Bezug auf die ProduktqualitĂ€t und die Kosten der Trocknungsprozesse stehen. Daher wurde die Produktpalette auf diese Produkte erweitert. Die Ergebnisse einer im Rahmen des Projekts durchgefĂŒhrten Verbraucherbefragung zeigten deut-lich, dass die Verbraucher dem Bio-Label vertrauen, aber auch dazu neigen, den Begriff Bio mit regionalem oder fairem Handel zu vermischen. DarĂŒber hinaus wird die PrimĂ€rproduktion im Be-trieb und nicht die Verarbeitung ausdrĂŒcklich in die Bewertung der Nachhaltigkeit durch die Verbraucher einbezogen. Das Aussehen von Bioprodukten wurde als eines der am wenigsten wichtigen QualitĂ€tskriterien oder -attribute bei Kaufentscheidungen angesehen. Es gibt jedoch Hinweise darauf, dass ein unvollkommenes Aussehen ein QualitĂ€tsmerkmal fĂŒr den Verbraucher sein könnte, dieses also als BestĂ€tigung gilt, dass in der Produktion keine Zusatzstoffe verwendet wurden.
Bei Trocknungsprozessen arbeiten Kleinproduzenten im Biosektor oft mit alten und/oder modifizierten Techniken und Technologien, was aufgrund des hohen Energieverbrauchs und der verminderten ProduktqualitĂ€t oft zu ineffizienten Trocknungsprozessen fĂŒhrt. Unzureichende Luftvolumenströme und -verteilungen fĂŒhren hĂ€ufig zu einem ineffizienten Abtransport der Feuchtigkeit aus dem Produkt und einer heterogenen Trocknung im gesamten SchĂŒttgut. Um diesen Umstand zu verbessern wurden innerhalb des SusOrganic Projektes Richtlinien zur Verbesserung der physikalischen Auslegung bestehender Trockner, sowie Konzepte fĂŒr neue Trocknungsprozesse, einschlieĂlich neuer Trocknungsstrategien, entwickelt. Neben dem KĂŒhlen und Gefrieren wurde auch die innovative Idee des Superchillings in das Projekt einbezogen. Die dafĂŒr benötigte KĂŒhlkette ist nur wenige Grad kĂ€lter als die gebrĂ€uchliche KĂŒhlkette, hat aber, durch Schockfrostung der AuĂenschicht des Produkts und die weitere Verteilung sehr kleiner Eiskristalle im gesamten Produkt einen erheblichen Einfluss auf das Konservierungsverhalten wĂ€hrend der Lagerung. Das Superchilling von Lachs aus biologischer Erzeugung macht den Bedarf an Eis fĂŒr den Transport unnötig, was durch ein deutlich reduziertes Transportgewicht sowohl zu einer Senkung der Energiekosten und somit zu einer besseren Leistung der Wertschöpfungskette in Bezug auf den CO2-FuĂabdruck fĂŒhrt. Die ProduktqualitĂ€t verĂ€ndert sich durch dieses Verfahren nicht, die Haltbarkeit verlĂ€ngert sich aber im Vergleich zu gekĂŒhltem Fisch. Dies bedeutet, dass die hohe QualitĂ€t des Bio-Lachses ĂŒber einen lĂ€ngeren Zeitraum erhalten werden kann, was z. B. bei der ErschlieĂung weit entfernter MĂ€rkte hilfreich sein kann. Der gleiche Trend wurde auch fĂŒr mit dem Superchilling-Verfahren gekĂŒhlte Bio-Fleischprodukte wie Schweinefleisch und HĂŒhnerfleisch festgestellt.
Das Konsortium entwickelte auch innovative nicht-invasive Mess- und Kontrollsysteme sowie verbesserte Trocknungsstrategien und Systeme fĂŒr Obst, GemĂŒse, KrĂ€uter, Hopfen und Fleisch. Diese Systeme basieren auf VerĂ€nderungen im Inneren des Produkts und erfordern daher Beobachtungsstrategien des Produkts wĂ€hrend des Trocknungsprozesses. Durch Auditkampagnen und Trocknungsversuche im PilotmaĂstab konnten Optimierungsstrategien fĂŒr KrĂ€uter- und Hopfenrohstoffe entwickelt werden, die dazu beitragen können den mikrobiellen Verderb zu reduzieren, höhere Mengen an flĂŒchtigen Produktkomponenten zu erhalten und gleichzeitig den Energiebedarf zu senken. Diese Ergebnisse können modifiziert auch an anderen untersuchten Produkten Anwendung finden. Die Umwelt- und Kosteneffizienz (LCA, LCCA) der SuperkĂŒhlung von Lachs und der Trocknung von Fleisch, Obst und GemĂŒse wurde ebenfalls untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass sowohl das Superchilling, als auch die Trocknung die Nachhaltigkeit der Wertschöpfungsketten ökologischer Lebensmittel verbessern können, insbesondere in Bezug auf weite Entfernungen zwischen Verarbeiter und Markt.
Ein weiteres zusĂ€tzliches Ergebnis des Projekts war die Entwicklung eines nicht-invasiven, visuell sensorbasierten Detektionssystems zur PrĂŒfung von Fleischprodukten in Bezug auf frisches und bereits gefrorenes Fleisch
Non-Destructive In-Process Quality Evaluation Of Plant-Sourced Food During Drying
Plant-sourced food has a crucial role in the human food supply as the source of calories and many valuable micronutrient compounds that enhance a balanced and healthy lifestyle. However, a portion of food intended for human consumption produced globally become wastage per year because of a lack of proper processing and preservation technologies. Drying is one of the broadly utilised preservation technologies in plant-sourced food. Most drying studies focused on post-process evaluation on product quality; meanwhile, monitoring and controlling amid the drying process (in-process) is essential because these activities can improve the drying condition and optimise the end productâs quality. Furthermore, the non-destructive inspection method is essential in developing smart food processing units and can be more efficient, rapid, reduced sample waste, and environmentally friendly than traditional inspection methods. The authors also discuss the overview of quality parameters investigated during plant-sourced food drying with in-process and non-destructive quality evaluation techniques. Finally, the authors also discuss the prospects and challenges of the real-time and non-destructive quality evaluation application.Peer Reviewe
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The Effect of Pre-Drying Treatment and Drying Conditions on Quality and Energy Consumption of Hot Air-Dried Celeriac Slices: Optimisation
Celeriac is a good source of fibre, trace minerals, and phenolic compounds; it has a pleasant aroma but is a perishable material, prone to discolouration. This research investigated the optimisation of the quality and energy demand in hot-air dried celeriac slices. The experiment utilised the I-optimal design of response surface methodology with 30 experiment runs. Pre-drying treatments (blanching at 85 °C, three minutes; dipping in 1% citric acid solution, three minutes; no pre-drying treatment), drying temperatures (50, 60, and 70 °C), air velocities (1.5, 2.2, and 2.9 m/s), and thickness (three-, five, and seven-mm) were applied. The drying conditions affected drying time significantly (p < 0.0001). The model by Midilli and others and the logarithmic model fitted best with celeriac slices drying kinetics. Blanched samples had a higher ÎE*ab (total colour difference) and BI (browning index) but lower WI (whiteness index) than samples with other pre-drying treatments. The rehydration ratio decreased with the increase of sample thickness and blanching (p < 0.0001). A quadratic model described the specific energy consumption (Es) best. The dried samples compared with fresh samples had increased antioxidant activity but decreased total phenolic compound value. The optimisation solution chosen was 58 °C drying temperature, 2.9 m/s air velocity, and 4.6 mm sample thickness with acid pre-drying treatment
SusOrgPlus â Intelligente Lebensmittelverarbeitung, natĂŒrliche Zusatz- und Farbstoffe
SusOrgPlus ist ein multi- und transdisziplinĂ€res Projekt, das die Entwicklung von Systemlösungen zur Verarbeitung ökologischer Lebensmittel beabsichtigt welche unter anderem Ressourceneffizienz, hohe ProduktqualitĂ€t und Nutzungswege fĂŒr unzureichend genutzte Rohwaren und die Entwicklung neuer Produkte mit Mehrwert beinhalten. Somit wird SusOrgPlus dazu beitragen, die Nachhaltigkeit der ökologischen Lebensmittelbranche sowie die Verbraucherakzeptanz zu steigern und dadurch die WettbewerbsfĂ€higkeit der Verarbeiter zu verbessern. Die Einbindung von fĂŒhrenden Lebensmittelwissenschaftlern, Verfahrens- und Regelungstechnikern aus Mittel-, Nord-, SĂŒd- und Osteuropa wird sichergestellt, dass alle Aspekte, welche fĂŒr Prozessoptimierung und Ressourceneffizienz von Bedeutung sind, adĂ€quat berĂŒcksichtigt werden. Dadurch ist die Relevanz des Projektes fĂŒr den europĂ€ischen Raum, sowie darĂŒber hinaus, gewĂ€hrleistet
Colour change kinetics of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) slices during convective air drying and bioactive compounds of the dried products
The high contents of bioactive compounds make the pumpkin fruit an important crop for the development of novel functional foods for improving food security, nutrition and health. This study investigated the effect of drying air temperatures (50, 60 and 70 °C) and slice thicknesses (3 and 5 mm) on the drying behaviour, colour change kinetics and bioactive compounds content of the dried pumpkin slices. The effective moisture diffusivity of pumpkin increased from 2.860 Ă 10â10 to 9.815 Ă 10â10 m2/s as drying temperature increased while activation energy values ranged between 47.14 and 51.60 kJ/mol. After the drying process, Lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values of pumpkin decreased from 74.61 ± 1.18 to 56.50â70.15 and 61.95 ± 2.03 to 51.90â56.10, respectively whereas redness (a*) and total colour difference (ÎE) increased from 8.47 ± 0.09 to 9.98â11.07 and 0 to 10.01â17.12, respectively. Changes in L* and b* values during drying were adequately predicted by the first-order reaction kinetics while a* and ÎE followed zero-order reaction kinetics (R2 = 0.9765 to 0.9978). The reaction rate constants for colour change greatly depended on the drying air temperature. Contents of ÎČ-carotene, ascorbic acid, total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the dried pumpkins varied between 43.80 and 58.15 ÎŒg gâ1, 37.62â50.13 mg/100g, 109.60â155.92 mg GAE/100g, 49.68â67.74 mg kaempferol/100g and 61.45â80.72%, respectively. Predominantly, an increase in pumpkin slice thickness prolonged drying time and caused a greater loss of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. Moreover, ÎČ-carotene and ascorbic acid contents were higher in 60 °C dried pumpkin than those dried at 50 °C and 70 °C. Nonetheless, increasing the drying air temperature increased the total phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents in dried pumpkin products. The study results could be useful for the food industry and further research work
Development of an Optical System Based on Spectral Imaging Used for a Slug Control Robot
The state-of-the-art technique to control slug pests in agriculture is the spreading of slug pellets. This method has some downsides, because slug pellets also harm beneficials and often fail because their efficiency depends on the prevailing weather conditions. This study is part of a research project which is developing a pest control robot to monitor the field, detect slugs, and eliminate them. Robots represent a promising alternative to slug pellets. They work independent of weather conditions and can distinguish between pests and beneficials. As a prerequisite, a robot must be able to reliably identify slugs irrespective of the characteristics of the surrounding conditions. In this context, the utilization of computer vision and image analysis methods are challenging, because slugs look very similar to the soil, particularly in color images. Therefore, the goal of this study was to develop an optical filter-based system that distinguishes between slugs and soil. In this context, the spectral characteristics of both slugs and soil in the visible and visible near-infrared (VNIR) wavebands were measured. Conspicuous maxima followed by conspicuous local minima were found for the reflection spectra of slugs in the near infrared range from 850 nm to 990 nm]. Thus, this enabled differentiation between slugs and soils; soils showed a monotonic increase in the intensity of the relative reflection for this wavelength. The extrema determined in the reflection spectra of slugs were used to develop and set up a slug detector device consisting of a monochromatic camera, a filter changer and two narrow bandpass filters with nominal wavelengths of 925 nm and 975 nm. The developed optical system takes two photographs of the target area at night. By subtracting the pixel values of the images, the slugs are highlighted, and the soil is removed in the image due to the properties of the reflection spectra of soils and slugs. In the resulting image, the pixels of slugs were, on average, 12.4 times brighter than pixels of soil. This enabled the detection of slugs by a threshold method.Peer Reviewe
The effect of intermittent drying on drying kinetics and quality change dynamics of organic carrot (daucus carota v. laguna)
The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of intermittent drying on drying kinetics and quality of organic carrots. Drying time can be reduced by 18.2 % to 25.5% after tempering for 1 and 3 hours.Tempering for 3 hours at 30% moisture levels had shown shorter drying time, minimal color changes at 8.43 and the highest retention of total carotenoids of up to 7 8%.The Page, Midili and Two term equations were found to be appropriate to describe the drying kinetics of organic carrot
Prediction of total carotenoids, color, and moisture content of carrot slices during hot air drying using nonâinvasive hyperspectral imaging technique
The objective of this paper was to evaluate the performance of Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) model and to assess the statistical agreement between two different measurement techniques, that is, VisâNIR hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and standard laboratory methods for quality evaluation of dried carrots throughout the hotâair drying process. Carrots at commercial maturity of 3.5 months after planting were harvested in two seasons (2017 and 2018) and dried in a convective hot air dryer at 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C. Quality measurements were examined at intervals of 30 minutes. PLSR was performed as a regression model to predict quality attributes in carrots, while PassingâBablok and Deming regressions alongside BlantâAltman analysis were applied as method comparisons. Excellent prediction performance for moisture content was observed with high R2T and R2v at 0.92 and 0.90 with values of RMSET and RMSEv at 8.15% and 8.16%. Satisfactory prediction accuracies were observed for total carotenoids (R2v = 0.64 and RMSEv = 32.62) ÎŒg/g, L* (R2v = 0.68 and RMSEv = 32.62), a* (R2v = 0.69 and RMSEv = 1.18), and b* (R2v = 0.60 and RMSEv = 1.45). Selected wavelengths for total carotenoids, moisture content, L*, a*, and b* based on the highest score of VIP loadings were 531, 973, 531, 531, and 680 nm, respectively. An adequate agreement of BlantâAltman analysis between the two methods within the upper and lower limits of 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained for total carotenoids from 95.68 Όg/g to 82.34 Όg/g, moisture content (25.18% to 22.93%), L* (2.88 to â3.30), a* (4.15 to 3.43), and b* (4.53 to â3.11) with mean differences at 6.67, 1.12, â0.21, 0.36, and 0.71, respectively. Good correlation coefficients (r) were also observed at 0.89, 0.91, 0.78, and 0.83 for moisture content, L*, a*, and b* with a moderate correlation of total carotenoids at 0.69. The results indicate the potential feasibility of using nonâinvasive measurement of quality attributes using hyperspectral imaging during the drying of carrots.
Novelty impact statement
nonâinvasive measurement using hyperspectral imaging for quality determination in carrots during convective drying demonstrated promising results.
Multivariate analysis of Partial Least Square Regression showed a good modeling performance for quality prediction in dried carrots.
A good statistical agreements between nonâinvasive quality measurements using hyperspectral imaging and standard laboratory analysis were achieved by comparative analysis using BlantâAltman plot, Deming, and PassingâBablok regression.Bundesanstalt fĂŒr Landwirtschaft und ErnĂ€hrung
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010771German Research Foundation (DFGâDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659Institut Penyelidikan dan Kemajuan Pertanian Malaysia
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007702Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100005908Coordination of European Transnational Research in Organic Food and Farming Systems
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011598the UniversitÀt KasselPeer Reviewe
Modul 4.2 Drying of herbs/GewĂŒrz- und KrĂ€utertrocknung/Essiccamento di erbe
This module should give the user a deeper understanding of the drying process of herbs and highlights the influencing factors on high product quality and efficient processing
Essiccamento di erbe e spezie (Modulo 4.2)
- Scopi generali e cambiamenti dovuti alla disidratazione
- Parametri di qualitĂ di erbe disidradate
- Obiettivi dellâessiccamento di erbe
- Fattori che influenzano la qualitĂ delle erbe
- Ulteriori fattori influent
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