Lichen planus coexisting with diabetes mellitus and hypertension (Grinspan's syndrome) : description of two cases

Introduction: Lichen planus is a chronic skin and oral mucosa disease. Coexistence of the oral form of lichen planus with diabetes and hypertension was described for the first time by Grinspan in 1963. Case description: Two cases of the occurrence of lichen planus in patients with diagnosed diabetes and hypertension (Grinspan’s syndrome) are presented. In the first case, diabetes and hypertension treatment were accompanied by lesions in the oral cavity and on the skin of shins. In the other case, lichen planus type lesions were manifested only in the oral cavity. Conclusions: The aetiology of lichen planus remains unclear to some extent. Detailed diagnostics is based on clinical examination, general medical history and histopathological findings. The risk of malignant transformation of oral lichen planus ranges from 0.4 to 5.3% and it regards mainly the erosive form. Regular follow-up visits and oncological vigilance constitute an inseparable part of treatment

Evaluation of proinflammatory, NF-kappaB dependent cytokines : iL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in tissue specimens and saliva of patients with oral Squamous cell carcinoma and oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a life-threatening disease. It could be preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). It was confirmed that chronic inflammation can promote carcinogenesis. Cytokines play a crucial role in this process. The aim of the study was to evaluate interleukin-1alpha (IL-1α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in tissue specimens and saliva of patients with OSCC and OPMDs. Methods: Cytokines were evaluated in 60 tissue specimens of pathological lesions (OSCCs or OPMDs) and in 7 controls (normal oral mucosa, NOM) by immunohistochemistry and in saliva of 45 patients with OSCC or OPMDs and 9 controls (healthy volunteers) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly higher expression of IL-8 in OSCC specimens and TNF-α in OSCCs and OPMDs with dysplasia as compared to NOM. Moreover, expression of TNF-α was significantly higher in oral leukoplakia and oral lichen planus without dysplasia, whereas expression of IL-8 only in oral leukoplakia without dysplasia in comparison with NOM. Salivary concentrations of all evaluated cytokines were significantly higher in patients with OSCC than in controls. Moreover, levels of IL-8 were significantly higher in saliva of patients with OPMDs with dysplasia as compared to controls and in OSCC patients as compared to patients with dysplastic lesions. There was also significant increase in salivary concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in patients with OSCC as compared to patients with OPMDs without dysplasia. Conclusion: The study confirmed that proinflammatory, NF-kappaB dependent cytokines are involved in pathogenesis of OPMDs and OSCC. The most important biomarker of malignant transformation process within oral mucosa among all assessed cytokines seems to be IL-8. Further studies on a larger sample size are needed to corroborate these results

Studies in Law. Research Papers

Słowo wstępne: "Drodzy Czytelnicy, Prezentujemy Państwu kolejny numer naszego periodyku. W tym bogatym zbiorze wypowiedzi przedstawicieli doktryny prawa i praktyki prawniczej znalazło się miejsce dla prac autorów z różnych dziedzin prawa. Analizowane zagadnienia odnoszą się w szczególności do problematyki prawa konstytucyjnego, prawa cywilnego, prawa pracy, prawa karnego. Zgromadziliśmy cenne spostrzeżenia autorów z różnych ośrodków akademickich – tak z Polski, jak i z zagranicy. Obok interesujących artykułów naukowych oraz glos przedstawiamy też niemałą liczbę innych tekstów, przede wszystkim recenzji publikacji naukowych i sprawozdań pokonferencyjnych. Mamy nadzieję, że ten, jak i przyszłe numery czasopisma stanowić będą dla Państwa interesującą lekturę, skłaniającą do refleksji nad poruszanymi tematami i prowokującą do tworzenia kolejnych prac naukowych. Liczymy, że zechcą Państwo publikować je – jak do tej pory – na łamach czasopisma „Studia Prawnicze. Rozprawy i Materiały”. Życzę inspirującej lektury!"(...

Neurological symptoms in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and their association with in-hospital mortality

Objectives. To evaluate the spectrum of neurological symptoms in patients with COVID-19 during the first 14 days of hospitalisation and its association with in-hospital mortality. Material and methods. We included 200 patients with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to University Hospital in Krakow, Poland. In 164 patients, a detailed questionnaire concerning neurological symptoms and signs was performed prospectively within 14 days of hospitalisation. In the remaining 36 patients, such questionnaires were completed retrospectively based on daily observations in the Department of Neurology. Results. During hospitalisation, 169 patients (84.5%) experienced neurological symptoms; the most common were: fatigue (62.5%), decreased mood (45.5%), myalgia (43.5%), and muscle weakness (42.5%). Patients who died during hospitalisation compared to the remainder were older (79 [70.5–88.5] vs. 63.5 [51–77] years, p = 0.001), and more often had decreased level of consciousness (50.0% vs. 9.3%, p < 0.001), delirium (33.3% vs. 4.4%, p < 0.001), arterial hypotension (50.0% vs. 19.6%, p = 0.005) or stroke during (18.8% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.026) or before hospitalisation (50.0% vs. 7.1, p < 0.001), whereas those who survived more often suffered from headache (42.1% vs. 0%, p = 0.012) or decreased mood (51.7% vs. 0%, p = 0.003). Conclusions. Most hospitalised patients with COVID-19 experience neurological symptoms. Decreased level of consciousness, delirium, arterial hypotension, and stroke during or before hospitalisation increase the risk of in-hospital mortality

Manifestacje białaczek w jamie ustnej – współpraca pomiędzy lekarzem dentystą a hematologiem

Many systemic diseases can manifest in the oral mucosa. Leukaemia is the most common neoplastic disease of white blood cells. Common symptoms of leukaemia in the oral cavity include mucosa pallor, bleeding gums, gingival enlargement, ecchymosis, oral infections and ulcerations. A dentist should know how to recognize the first signs of leukaemia and may be responsible for a prompt referral to an adequate professional to improve patient outcomes. A dentist must participate in a patient’s process of treatment when the plan includes complex therapy of the oral cavity. In many cases, this procedure enables the implementation of appropriate therapy and the possibility of recovery and can even save the patient’s life. The study aimed to present the cooperation between the dentist and haematologist in the example of a 52-year-old female with oral symptoms of leukaemia.Na błonie śluzowej jamy ustnej mogą manifestować się objawy wielu schorzeń ogólnoustrojowych. Typowe w przebiegu białaczek są: bladość błony śluzowej jamy ustnej, krwawienie z dziąseł, przerost dziąseł, wybroczyny i owrzodzenia. Lekarz dentysta powinien umieć zdiagnozować pierwsze objawy białaczki i następnie skierować pacjenta do specjalistycznego leczenia prowadzonego przez hematologa oraz współuczestniczyć w nim, jeśli kompleksowy plan leczenia obejmuje konieczność przeprowadzenia sanacji jamy ustnej. Takie postępowanie umożliwia wdrożenie odpowiedniej terapii i powrót do zdrowia, a niejednokrotnie nawet ratuje życie pacjenta. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie współpracy pomiędzy lekarzem dentystą a hematologiem na przykładzie przypadku 52-letniej kobiety z objawami białaczki w jamie ustnej