2 research outputs found
New Insights into Corrosion of Ruthenium and Ruthenium Oxide Nanoparticles in Acidic Media
The dissolution behaviors of Ru and
ruthenium oxide nanoparticles
in acidic media were studied for the first time using highly sensitive
in situ measurements of concentration by inductively coupled plasma
mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Online time- and potential-resolved electrochemical
dissolution profiles revealed novel corrosion features (signals) in
the potential window from 0 to ∼1.4 V, where known severe dissolution
due to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) takes place. Most of the
features follow the thermodynamic changes of the Ru oxidation/reduction
state, which consequently trigger so-called transient dissolution.
An as-synthesized Ru sample was found to exhibit an order-of-magnitude
higher dissolution rate than an electrochemically oxidized amorphous
Ru sample. The latter, in turn, dissolved about 10 times faster than
rutile RuO<sub>2</sub>. The observed OER activity was in an inverse
relationship with the measured dissolution. Disagreement was found
with the general assumption that the onset of the OER should coincide
with the onset of Ru dissolution. Interestingly, in all samples, Ru
dissolution was observed at about 0.17 V lower potentials than the
OER. The present results are relevant for various energy-conversion
and -storage devices such as proton-exchange membrane electrolyzers,
low-temperature fuel cells, reverse fuel cells, supercapacitors, batteries,
and photocatalysts that can contain Ru as an active component
Electrochemical Dissolution of Iridium and Iridium Oxide Particles in Acidic Media: Transmission Electron Microscopy, Electrochemical Flow Cell Coupled to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, and X‑ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study
Iridium-based
particles, regarded as the most promising proton
exchange membrane electrolyzer electrocatalysts, were investigated
by transmission electron microscopy and by coupling of an electrochemical
flow cell (EFC) with online inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Additionally, studies using a thin-film rotating disc electrode, identical
location transmission and scanning electron microscopy, as well as
X-ray absorption spectroscopy have been performed. Extremely sensitive
online time-and potential-resolved electrochemical dissolution profiles
revealed that Ir particles dissolve well below oxygen evolution reaction
(OER) potentials, presumably induced by Ir surface oxidation and reduction
processes, also referred to as transient dissolution. Overall, thermally
prepared rutile-type IrO<sub>2</sub> particles are substantially more
stable and less active in comparison to as-prepared metallic and electrochemically
pretreated (E-Ir) analogues. Interestingly, under OER-relevant conditions,
E-Ir particles exhibit superior stability and activity owing to the
altered corrosion mechanism, where the formation of unstable Ir(>IV)
species is hindered. Due to the enhanced and lasting OER performance,
electrochemically pre-oxidized E-Ir particles may be considered as
the electrocatalyst of choice for an improved low-temperature electrochemical
hydrogen production device, namely a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer