Differences in habitat variables collected around artificial nest sites during April and June, between years of the study.

<p>^<b>a</b> P-values were calculated using T-Tests for normally distributed variables.</p><p>^b The final two variables, in italics, did not conform to normality and so P-values are based on Mann-Whitney U tests, with W values as the test statistics.</p><p>P-values were calculated using T-Tests for normally distributed variables. The final two variables, in italics, did not conform to normality and so P-values are based on Mann-Whitney U tests, with W values as the test statistics.</p

Correlations between habitat covariates.

<p>Numbers represent Pearson’s r correlation coefficients. Significant correlations (P<0.01) are marked with an asterisk.</p

Hazard ratios, associated 95% CIs, Wald Statistics and P-values of all the effects included in the full model.

<p>^<b>a</b> Terms included in the most supported model are shown in bold.</p><p>^<b>b</b> ΔAIC values are the difference between the AIC of the most supported model and the same model including the effect in question.</p><p>Hazard ratios, associated 95% CIs, Wald Statistics and P-values of all the effects included in the full model.</p

Relationship between Onset of Zugunruhe and Hatching Date

<p>African resident (orange dots, solid regression line; <i>n</i> = 10) and European migrant (blue triangles, dashed regression line; <i>n</i> = 26) stonechats initiated Zugunruhe at progressively younger ages when hatched late in the season under European day length conditions. Inlay: pairs of African (right) and European (left) stonechats; females are less conspicuously colored than males. Drawing is by H. Kacher. </p

Kaplan-Meier survival functions for nests placed in April, May and Jun.

<p>Kaplan-Meier survival functions for nests placed in April, May and Jun.</p

Factor loadings of the first three principal components included in the further analysis.

<p>^a Numbers in brackets are the proportion of variation in the dataset that each principal component explains.</p><p>Factor loadings of the first three principal components included in the further analysis.</p

Proportion of nests predated during each experimental repeat and the number of days since April 1st that the repeat was conducted.

<p>Proportion of nests predated during each experimental repeat and the number of days since April 1st that the repeat was conducted.</p

Spatial layout of artificial nests along the boundary of a block of cut reeds.

<p>The dots represent artificial nest locations, the grey rectangles are cut patches of reed, remaining, unshaded areas are unmanaged reed. Example shown is for half the nests placed in April 2013.</p

Nocturnal Activity under Constant Photoperiod (Light/Dark 12.25:11.75 h)

<p>Activity of five African stonechat males (upper panel) and four females (lower panel) recorded continuously in individual registration cages recorded for 1.5 years. Curves show nocturnal activity (Zugunruhe) as the number of 10-min intervals during which the birds were active at night. Since the birds received no temporal cues, the repeated, spontaneous outburst of nocturnal activity indicates an underlying endogenous component. Vertical gray bars indicate years.</p

Migratory restlessness data from stonechats with example processing scripts

This zip archive contains nocturnal and diurnal activity data (and associated metadata) from stonechats. Also included are example data processing scripts