Searching for a Sense of Control: The Challenge Presented by Community Conflicts over Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

The growth in the number of concentrated animal feeding operations ( CAFOs ), particularly those involved in swine production, has brought with it increased community concern and outright conflict in many communities across the United States.\u27 Most commentators have focused upon anticipated outcomes to explain the contentiousness of CAFO-related disputes.2 Meanwhile, even though the social dynamics that contribute to the development and escalation of conflicts over CAFOs parallel those exhibited in other kinds of community conflicts, little research has systematically examined the social dynamics associated with CAFO conflicts. One exception to this deficiency is recent work conducted by a team of researchers that examined CAFO-related disputes in Pennsylvania in order to make recommendations for alternative models for the resolution of such disputes.4 The researchers found that Pennsylvania stakeholders\u27 perceived loss of direct and indirect control in the decision-making processes governing CAFOs was at the root of these conflicts.5 This Article highlights stakeholders\u27 concerns about the procedural fairness of the governmental decision-making surrounding CAFOs, including the negotiation, passage, and implementation of the Pennsylvania Nutrient Management Act ( Act 6 ); decisions regarding CAFOs\u27 requests for permits; and townships\u27 adoption of CAFO-related ordinances. The Article argues that these perceptions of procedural unfairness are among the primary factors contributing to Pennsylvania stakeholders\u27 perception of loss of control. Alternative mechanisms for the resolution of CAFO-related disputes, therefore, must respond quite explicitly to the need for procedural justice. In Part I, based on interviews with stakeholders in Pennsylvania, this Article will describe the model of how conflicts over CAFOs arise and will provide an overview of the stakeholders\u27 perceptions regarding uncertainty, risk, unfairness, threats to identity, and mistrust, and it will demonstrate the effect of these cognitive and affective responses upon perceptions of control. In Part II, the Article will explore the procedural justice implications of the central issues of fairness, identity maintenance, and trust, as well as stakeholders\u27 preferences for more productive resolution of CAFO-related conflicts. Finally, in Part III, the Article will propose five community participation and dispute resolution processes that have the potential to increase the reality and perception of procedural justice for all members of the communities affected by decision-making regarding CAFOs. The analysis in this Article is intended to help policy makers, regulators, and the disputants themselves to anticipate the social dynamics of these conflicts and to make informed choices about how to address them constructively

Relationship of Predicted Counseling Effectiveness to Philosophical Orientation and Value System among Counselor Trainees

Student Personnel and Guidanc

Classification cards applied to team and individual learning.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Queen of the Underworld: The Biography of Sophie Lyons (1848-1924)

Sophie Lyons was a nineteenth-century American pickpocket, blackmailer, con-woman, and bank robber. She was raised in New York City\u27s underworld, by Jewish immigrant parents who were criminals that trained their children to pick pockets and shoplift. Pretty Sophie possessed a rare combination of skill at thievery, intellect, guts and beauty and became the woman Herbert Ashbury described in Gangs of New York as, the most notorious confidence woman America has ever produced. Newspapers around the world chronicled Sophie\u27s exploits for more than sixty years, because her life read like a novel. Her mentor was another forgotten woman who held a position of power in the underworld, Fredericka Marm\u27 Mandelbaum, a Jewish immigrant who became New York\u27s millionaire Queen of Fences. Sophie was married to some of the most notorious burglars in America, escaped from Sing Sing Prison with one of her husbands, wore elaborate disguises, used her sex appeal to steal from wealthy men, invested a fortune in real estate and gave it away. Today Sophie is forgotten, but for a few lines in criminal history narratives. This thesis comprised the first five chapters of a forthcoming biography of Sophie Lyons and examined how she was a creation of the economic and social realities of nineteenth-century New York and the effects of industrialization, immigration, capitalism, poverty and innovation, which were beginning to transform America. This thesis was also written to restore Sophie to her rightful place in criminal history, as a woman who excelled in a man\u27s profession, achieved power and found a voice that enabled her to challenge society\u27s conventions of womanhood, motherhood and sexuality. Ultimately, she was a resilient and conflicted woman, who always longed for the acceptance of legitimate society and overcame tremendous obstacles to reinvent herself as a philanthropist and advocate for those who had no voice, women, children, African-Americans and prisoners

Analysis of Emergency Department Use In Maine: A Study Conducted on Behalf of the Emergency Department Use Work Group of the Maine Advisory Council on Health System Development

This report presents additional statewide analysis of emergency department (ED) utilization and also the results of a comparative analysis of six health service areas in Maine, three selected for above average rates of emergency department visits, and three selected for below average rates of emergency department visits