29 research outputs found

    L'efici猫ncia de la selecci贸 natural

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    Des del Departament de Gen猫tica i Microbiologia de la Universitat Aut貌noma de Barcelona, s'ha pogut aprofundir una mica m茅s en l'estudi del canvi evolutiu de les esp猫cies. Partint de la teoria quasi neutra de l'evoluci贸 molecular, que emfatitza la import脿ncia del factor aleatori de les mutacions gen猫tiques que no aporten beneficis a l'esp猫cie, s'ha demostrat que es pot predir l'efici猫ncia de la selecci贸 natural segons el tamany de la poblaci贸. Per arribar a aquesta conclusi贸, l'estudi s'ha realitzat a partir d'an脿lisis estad铆stiques d'una base de dades de diferents esp猫cies de Drosophila, tenint en compte la seva diversitat nucleot铆dica.Desde el Departamento de Gen茅tica y Microbiolog铆a de la Universitat Aut貌noma de Barcelona, se ha podido profundizar un poco m谩s en el estudio del cambio evolutivo de las especies. Partiendo de la teor铆a casi neutra de la evoluci贸n molecular, que enfatiza la importancia del factor aleatorio de las mutaciones gen茅ticas que no aportan beneficios a la especie, se ha demostrado que se puede predecir la eficiencia de la selecci贸n natural seg煤n el tama帽o de la poblaci贸n. Para llegar a esta conclusi贸n, el estudio se ha realizado a partir de an谩lisis estad铆sticos de una base de datos de diferentes especies de Drosophila, teniendo en cuenta su diversidad nucleot铆dica

    Tracen el primer mapa de l'adaptaci贸 i la selecci贸 natural de l'anatomia completa d'un embri贸

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    El grup de recerca Bioinform脿tica de la Diversitat Gen貌mica de la UAB, en col路laboraci贸 amb el grup de Biologia Evolutiva del Desenvolupament de la Universitat d'H猫lsinki, ha aconseguit cartografiar el primer mapa de l'adaptaci贸 i la selecci贸 natural de l'anatomia completa de l'embri贸 de la mosca de la fruita, l'esp猫cie Drosophila melanogaster. Els autors han seguit una aproximaci贸 original que integra macrodades de variaci贸 gen貌mica, d'expressi贸 g猫nica i del desenvolupament embrionari en aquesta esp猫cie model de la recerca gen猫tica.El grupo de investigaci贸n Bioinform谩tica de la Diversidad Gen贸mica de la UAB, en colaboraci贸n con el grupo de Biolog铆a Evolutiva del Desarrollo de la Universidad de Helsinki, ha conseguido cartografiar el primer mapa de la adaptaci贸n y la selecci贸n natural de la anatom铆a completa del embri贸n de la mosca de la fruta, la especie Drosophila melanogaster. Los autores han seguido una aproximaci贸n original que integra macrodatos de variaci贸n gen贸mica, de expresi贸n g茅nica y del desarrollo embrionario en esta especie modelo de la investigaci贸n gen茅tica.The research group Bioinformatics of Genomic Diversity of the UAB, in collaboration with the Evolutionary Development Biology group of the University of Helsinki, have mapped by the first time phenotypic adaptation and natural selection over the complete anatomy of the embryo of the fruit fly, the species Drosophila melanogaster. The authors followed an original approach that integratesgenomic variation, gene expression and embryonic development in this model species of genetic research

    PopHuman : navegador de refer猫ncia de la variaci贸 gen猫tica humana

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    La variaci贸 gen猫tica humana 茅s el conjunt de difer猫ncies gen猫tiques que distingeixen els nostres genomes, ja sigui entre els individus dins d'una poblaci贸 o entre poblacions. El seu estudi t茅 aplicacions evolutives i m猫diques significatives. El grup de recerca Bioinform脿tica de la Diversitat Gen貌mica de la Universitat Aut貌noma de Barcelona (UAB), en col路laboraci贸 amb cient铆fics de l'Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (IBE), ha creat el major inventari disponible de mesures de diversitat gen猫tica al llarg del genoma hum脿 utilitzant les dades del projecte internacional 1000 genomes. Tota la informaci贸 s'ha posat a l'abast dels investigadors al navegador gen貌mic PopHuman. Aquest recurs permet l'an脿lisi exhaustiva dels episodis de selecci贸 natural que han tingut lloc al llinatge hum脿 i que han deixat la seva empremta al genoma.La variaci贸n gen茅tica humana es el conjunto de diferencias gen茅ticas que distinguen nuestros genomas, ya sea entre los individuos dentro de una poblaci贸n o entre poblaciones. Su estudio tiene aplicaciones evolutivas y m茅dicas significativas. El grupo de investigaci贸n Bioinform谩tica de la Diversidad Gen贸mica de la Universidad Aut贸noma de Barcelona (UAB), en colaboraci贸n con cient铆ficos del Instituto de Biolog铆a Evolutiva (IBE), han creado el mayor inventario disponible de medidas de diversidad gen茅tica a lo largo del genoma humano. Para ello han utilizado los datos del proyecto internacional 1000 Genomas. Toda la informaci贸n se ha puesto a disposici贸n de los investigadores en el navegador gen贸mico PopHuman. Este recurso permite el an谩lisis exhaustivo de los episodios de selecci贸n natural que han tenido lugar en el linaje humano y han dejado su huella en el genoma.Human genetic variation is the set of genetic differences that distinguish our genomes, either among individuals within a population or between populations. Its study has significant evolutionary and medical applications. The research group Bioinformatics of Genomic Diversity of the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), in collaboration with scientists from the Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE), have created the largest available inventory of measures of genetic diversity along the human genome using the data of the international project 1000 Genomes. All the summarized information has been made available to researchers in the PopHuman genomic browser. This resource allows the exhaustive search of episodes of natural selection that have taken place in the human lineage and have left their fingerprint on the genome

    IMKT : the integrative McDonald and Kreitman test

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    The McDonald and Kreitman test (MKT) is one of the most powerful and widely used methods to detect and quantify recurrent natural selection using DNA sequence data. Here we present iMKT (acronym for integrative McDonald and Kreitman test), a novel web-based service performing four distinct MKT types. It allows the detection and estimation of four different selection regimes -adaptive, neutral, strongly deleterious and weakly deleterious- acting on any genomic sequence. iMKT can analyze both user's own population genomic data and pre-loaded Drosophila melanogaster and human sequences of protein-coding genes obtained from the largest population genomic datasets to date. Advanced options in the website allow testing complex hypotheses such as the application example showed here: do genes located in high recombination regions undergo higher rates of adaptation? We aim that iMKT will become a reference site tool for the study of evolutionary adaptation in massive population genomics datasets, especially in Drosophila and humans. iMKT is a free resource online at https://imkt.uab.cat

    Revelen l'empremta de la selecci贸 natural al llarg de tot el genoma

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    Els primers resultats del projecte internacional The Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel, publicats a Nature, tracen per primera vegada el mapa detallat de l'empremta de la selecci贸 natural al llarg de tot el genoma de l'organisme model de la gen猫tica, Drosophila melanogaster. El projecte, amb una participaci贸 destacada de la UAB, ha generat una "biblioteca vivent" que permet a qualsevol cient铆fic analitzar la relaci贸 entre les variacions en el genoma i els trets observables dels individus amb una pot猫ncia estad铆stica sense precedents, fet que suposa un gran aven莽 per a l'estudi de les malalties d'origen gen猫tic.Los primeros resultados del proyecto internacional The Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel, publicados en Nature, trazan por primera vez el mapa detallado de la huella de la selecci贸n natural a lo largo de todo el genoma del organismo modelo de la gen茅tica, Drosophila melanogaster. El proyecto, con una participaci贸n destacada de la UAB, ha generado una "biblioteca viviente" que permite a cualquier cient铆fico analizar la relaci贸n entre las variaciones en el genoma y los rasgos observables de los individuos con una potencia estad铆stica sin precedentes, lo que supone un gran avance para el estudio de las enfermedades de origen gen茅tico.The first results of the international project The Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel, published this week in Nature, trace a detailed map of the genomic imprinting of natural selection in the model organism used in the studies of genetics, the Drosophila melanogaster. The project, carried out with notable support from UAB, has generated a "living library" which allows any scientist to analyse the relation between variations in the genome and observable individual traits, with unprecendented statistic strength. This represents a large advance in the study of genetic diseases

    PopHumanScan : the online catalog of human genome adaptation

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    Since the migrations that led humans to colonize Earth, our species has faced frequent adaptive challenges that have left signatures in the landscape of genetic variation and that we can identify in our today-s genomes. Here, we (i) perform an outlier approach on eight different population genetic statistics for 22 non-admixed human populations of the Phase III of the 1000 Genomes Project to detect selective sweeps at different historical ages, as well as events of recurrent positive selection in the human lineage; and (ii) create PopHumanScan, an online catalog that compiles and annotates all candidate regions under selection to facilitate their validation and thoroughly analysis. Well-known examples of human genetic adaptation published elsewhere are included in the catalog, as well as hundreds of other attractive candidates that will require further investigation. Designed as a collaborative database, PopHumanScan aims to become a central repository to share information, guide future studies and help advance our understanding of how selection has modeled our genomes as a response to changes in the environment or lifestyle of human populations. PopHumanScan is open and freely available at https://pophumanscan.uab.cat

    Identifiquen m茅s de 800 noves regions del genoma que podrien ser rellevants en l'evoluci贸 humana

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    Un estudi del grup de recerca Bioinform脿tica de la Diversitat Gen貌mica de la UAB, publicat a la revista Nucleic Acids Research, incrementa en un 40% el total dels senyals de selecci贸 natural en el genoma hum脿 detectades fins ara. Els investigadors han aconseguit sumar un total de 873 noves regions del genoma hum脿 com a fermes candidates d'haver estat el blanc de la selecci贸 natural en algun moment des del sorgiment de la nostra esp猫cie fins al present. Aquestes se sumen a les 1986 que ja s'havien detectat fins a la data, proporcionant un conjunt de dades molt valu贸s per respondre a la pregunta: qu猫 ens fa humans? Les dades s贸n fruit del projecte PopHumanScan, un cat脿leg exhaustiu de regions que mostren evid猫ncies de la selecci贸 natural en el genoma hum脿.Un estudio del grupo de investigaci贸n Bioinform谩tica de la Diversidad Gen贸mica de la UAB, publicado en la revista Nucleic Acids Research, incrementa en un 40% el total de las se帽ales de selecci贸n natural en el genoma humano detectadas hasta la fecha. Los investigadores han conseguido sumar un total de 873 nuevas regiones del genoma humano como firmes candidatas de haber sido el blanco de la selecci贸n natural en alg煤n momento desde el surgimiento de nuestra especie hasta el presente. Estas se suman a las 1986 que ya se hab铆an detectado hasta la fecha, proporcionado un conjunto de datos muy valioso para responder a la pregunta: 驴qu茅 nos hace humanos? Los datos son fruto del proyecto PopHumanScan, un cat谩logo exhaustivo de regiones que muestran evidencias de la selecci贸n natural en el genoma humano.A study by the research group Bioinformatics of Genome Diversity at the Universitat Aut貌noma de Barcelona (UAB), published in the journal Nucleic Acids Research, increases by 40% the total number of signals of natural selection detected in the human genome to date. Researchers were able to add a total of 873 new regions of the human genome as firm candidates to have been the target of natural selection at some point from the emergence of our species to the present. These are added to the 1986 regions that had already been detected, providing a very valuable set of data to help answer the question: what makes us humans? The data is part of the PopHumanScan project, an exhaustive catalog of regions that show evidence of natural selection in the human genome

    Genetic polymorphisms of FAS and EVER genes in a Greek population and their susceptibility to cervical cancer : a case control study

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    Ajuts: the present study was developed on a self-funding base, using a personal budget of Evangelia Pavlidou for the reagents used in the laboratory analysis.Background: the aim of the study was to evaluate the association of two SNPs of EVER1/2 genes' region (rs2290907, rs16970849) and the FAS-670 polymorphism with the susceptibility to precancerous lesions and cervical cancer in a Greek population. -Methods: among the 515 women who were included in the statistical analysis, 113 belong to the case group and present with precancerous lesions or cervical cancer (27 with persistent CIN1, 66 with CIN2/3 and 20 with cervical cancer) and 402 belong to the control group. The chi-squared test was used to compare the case and the control groups with an allelic and a genotype-based analysis. - Results: the results of the statistical analysis comparing the case and the control groups for all the SNPs tested were not statistically significant. Borderline significant difference (p value = 0.079) was only found by the allelic model between the control group and the CIN1/CIN2 patients' subgroup for the polymorphism rs16970849. The comparison of the other case subgroups with the control group did not show any statistically significant difference. Conclusions: None of the SNPs included in the study can be associated with statistical significance with the development of precancerous lesions or cervical cancer

    Aven莽os en l'estudi de la variaci贸 estructural dels genomes

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    La segona fase d'un projecte gen貌mic internacional amb la participaci贸 d'investigadors de la UAB ha detectat i analitzat les variants esctructurals de 205 genomes d'una poblaci贸 natural de la mosca del vinagre (Drosophila melanogaster). Els resultats mostren que els canvis estructurals del genoma que afegeixen o eliminen DNA en el genoma s贸n molt m茅s freq眉ents i importants evolutivament del que es pensava. Les dades i recursos generats i posats a disposici贸 de la comunitat cient铆fica permeten analitzar la relaci贸 entre les variacions en el genoma i els trets observables dels individus.La segunda fase de un proyecto gen贸mico internacional con la participaci贸n de investigadores de la UAB ha detectado y analizado las variantes estructurales de 205 genomas de una poblaci贸n natural de la mosca del vinagre (Drosophila melanogaster). Los resultados muestran que los cambios estructurales del genoma que a帽aden o eliminan DNA en el genoma son mucho m谩s frecuentes e importantes evolutivamente de lo que se pensaba. Los datos y recursos generados y puestos a disposici贸n de la comunidad cient铆fica permiten analizar la relaci贸n entre las variaciones en el genoma y los rasgos observables de los individuos

    Molecular Population Genetics

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    Molecular population genetics aims to explain genetic variation and molecular evolution from population genetics principles. The field was born 50 years ago with the first measures of genetic variation in allozyme loci, continued with the nucleotide sequencing era, and is currently in the era of population genomics. During this period, molecular population genetics has been revolutionized by progress in data acquisition and theoretical developments. The conceptual elegance of the neutral theory of molecular evolution or the footprint carved by natural selection on the patterns of genetic variation are two examples of the vast number of inspiring findings of population genetics research. Since the inception of the field, Drosophila has been the prominent model species: molecular variation in populations was first described in Drosophila and most of the population genetics hypotheses were tested in Drosophila species. In this review, we describe the main concepts, methods, and landmarks of molecular population genetics, using the Drosophila model as a reference. We describe the different genetic data sets made available by advances in molecular technologies, and the theoretical developments fostered by these data. Finally, we review the results and new insights provided by the population genomics approach, and conclude by enumerating challenges and new lines of inquiry posed by increasingly large population scale sequence data
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