New approach to the solutions of the pib equation

In this paper, based on the Exp-function method and mathematical derivation, we obtain several explicit and exact traveling wave solutions for the PIB equation.Publisher's Versio

An Investigation into the English Language Needs of Bank Employees of Saderat Bank in Mashhad

With the increase in marketing and trading, recognition of the need for improved English communication skills has been growing among Banking professionals. Need analysis is a chief point to consider in English for Specific Purposes (ESP ) courses for syllabus design and materials development. This study was done in order to understand to what extend Bank employees of Saderat bank in Mashhad  need to use English at the present time and future and also to find out what problems in using English they have during their work This research was done in Saderat Banks in Mashhad, in some parts of the central office such as: management department, inspection department, financial marketing and 10 branches with Foreign Exchange departments, Accounting department, Transfer department and Loan department. The participants included 70 bank employees with different job positions. They were asked to answer a questionnaire which included 33 closed questions and 1 open-ended question to identify English skills that they need in their job, the problems they have in using English and their desire for taking an English training course. Based on the data analysis it became clear that they need speaking skill the most and they have problems with all the skills. They stated that Bank should provide English training courses for them

New Definition of Neutral Temperature in Continuous Welded Railway Track Curves

Changes in axial force for control and prevent track buckling are vital to know the natural temperature. Thermal neutral temperature actually refers to the railway tracks where there is no pressure and no traction, or in other words the axial force is zero in rails. In this paper, the new definition for variations in neutral and float temperatures in Continuous welded Rail (CWR) is proposed as a function of media temperature, lateral track stiffness (or lateral displacement of the track). The neutral temperature is selected with respect to minimum and maximum temperatures in the region where the railway installed. In this research, a case study with field tests has been used and computer modeling to prove this purport(idea) for a curve of radius 250 m with a length of about 145 m. In field test explained the relation between rail and media temperature and this item helps to modeling track to comprehend when lateral track resistance to be change, variation in neutral temperature how to change

Evaluation of the relashionship between clinical findings before tympanoplasty and ossicular discontinuity and erosion in patients with chronic otitis media

Background: Chronic Otitis Media (COM) is a relatively common condition and the occurrence of hearing loss is probable. COM may lead to ossicular discontinuity, and unless the operation is performed, it won't be determined. Identifying possible cases of erosion and discontinuity of ossicles is helpful in surgical planning and in anticipation of the probable need for procuring ossicular prosthesis.Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between preoperative clinical findings and intraoperative findings.Methods: This is a cross sectional study carried out in 2012 in two tertiary referral hospitals of Tehran, (the Loghman and the Taleghani hospitals). The sample under study consisted of COM patients who referred to the otolaryngology clinics and were tymponoplasty candidates. Two hundred and seven  patients with the mean age of 36.2±13.9 (ranging from 9-67 years) were enrolled in the study. Pre-surgical findings were investigated and the relationship between ossicular discontinuity and pre-surgical findings were evaluated.Results: Incus-Stapes discontinuity (IS Discontinuity) and Incus-Malleus discontinuity (IM Discontinuity) were seen in 60 (29%) and 25 (12.1%) patients, respectively. We found IS Discontinuity in 38 (24.1%) patients with central perforation and 22 (48.9%) cases of marginal perforations (P=0.005). IM Discontinuity was observed in 14 (8.9%) cases with central perforation, while this was seen in 11 (22.4%) cases with marginal perforations (P=0.011). On the other hand, 34 (42%) patients with otorrhea had IS Discontinuity whereas 26 (20.6%) cases of dry ears showed this type of ossicular problem (P<0.001). IM Discontinuity was detected in 13 (16%) and 12 (9.5%) cases with and without otorrhea, respectively (P=0.011). IS Discontinuity and IM Discontinuity were significantly more common in the patients with Air Bone Gap of more than 40 db.Conclusion: Our finding showed that surgical results may be unpleasant in the patients with marginal perforation, otorrhea and ABG>40 db

The Protective Role of Zinc Sulfate in Temporary Noise-induced Threshold Shift: a Randomized Clinical Trial Study

Background: Exposure to excessive sound leads to hearing loss. Temporary threshold shifts are defined as threshold shifts that return to baseline levels in the hours to weeks after excessive sound exposure. Aim: This study aimed to examine the zinc sulfate protective effect following noise exposure. Methods: Fifty-two participants with normal audiograms at baseline were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. First, a distortion product otoacoustic emission test (DPOAEs) was carried out as the baseline assessment, then the intervention group received zinc sulfate supplement capsules for one month and placebo capsules were given to controls. To induce a transient hearing shift, an ABR test was performed. The ABR test was done with 90 dB of sound stimuli for each ear. This input stimulus was a noise exposure that induces a temporary reduction in hearing, in fact, a transient hearing shift has occurred. Then, both groups had a DPOAE test and a follow-up assessment. Signal/noise ratio and DP (distortion product) levels were measured to evaluate the effect of zinc supplement use on transient hearing shift. Results: Comparing the results of the distortion product otoacoustic emission test before and after the auditory brainstem response testing showed significant differences between intervention and control groups (p <0.05). Moreover, the differences in signal/noise ratio between the intervention group before and after ABR testing and also in the control group were significant (p <0.05). Conclusion: Daily zinc sulfate supplement might protect against the transient hearing shift