Diabetes in dental practice - review of literature

Introduction: Diabetes belongs to the group of metabolic disorders and is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from abnormal secretion of insulin and / or tissue resistance to its action. The association of elevated glycemia with periodontal disease and oral cavity is clear and proven in many scientific publications. Purpose of work: The aim of the study was to characterize the oral cavity of a patient with diabetes, its diagnosis and treatment based on a review of English-language literature from 2014-2018, and an attempt to answer some questions and problems raised by practicing physicians who want to effectively help those who report to them patients with the above disease. Material and methods: The PubMed database was analyzed using the keywords: "diabetes", "diabetes periodontitis", "diabetes oral health", "diabetes dental treatment". 23 English-language works were qualified for the review. Results: the patient with diabetes should be made aware by the dentist, understand the impact of his disease on the body, especially the tissues of the parodontium and the oral mucosa, regularly report on the check-up visit Summary: The dentist is the first to see signs of failure to diagnose chronic hyperglycaemia. He should be vigilant, because such persons are patients at high risk of complications after dental treatment. The basis for maintaining oral health is, above all, the permanent maintenance of impeccable, basic oral hygiene

Torrefaction as a Valorization Method Used Prior to the Gasification of Sewage Sludge

The gasification and torrefaction of sewage sludge have the potential to make the thermal utilization of sewage sludge fully sustainable, thus limiting the use of expensive fossil fuels in the process. This includes sustainability in terms of electricity consumption. Although a great deal of work has been performed so far regarding the gasification of sewage sludge and some investigations have been performed in the area of its torrefaction, there is still a gap in terms of the influence of the torrefaction of the sewage sludge on its subsequent gasification. This study presents the results from the torrefaction tests, performed on a pilot scale reactor, as well as two consecutive steam gasification tests, performed in an allothermal fixed bed gasifier, in order to determine if torrefaction can be deemed as a primary method of the reduction of tar content for the producer gas, from the aforementioned gasification process. A comparative analysis is performed based on the results obtained during both tests, with special emphasis on the concentrations of condensable compounds (tars). The obtained results show that the torrefaction of sewage sludge, performed prior to gasification, can indeed have a positive influence on the gas quality. This is beneficial especially in terms of the content of heavy tars with melting points above 40 °C

Novel Concept of an Installation for Sustainable Thermal Utilization of Sewage Sludge

This study proposes an innovative installation concept for the sustainable utilization of sewage sludge. The aim of the study is to prove that existing devices and technologies allow construction of such an installation by integration of a dryer, torrefaction reactor and gasifier with engine, thus maximizing recovery of the waste heat by the installation. This study also presents the results of drying tests, performed at a commercial scale paddle dryer as well as detailed analysis of the torrefaction process of dried sewage sludge. Both tests aim to identify potential problems that could occur during the operation. The scarce literature studies published so far on the torrefaction of sewage sludge presents results from batch reactors, thus giving very limited data of the composition of the torgas. This study aims to cover that gap by presenting results from the torrefaction of sewage sludge in a continuously working, laboratory scale, isothermal rotary reactor. The study confirmed the feasibility of a self-sustaining installation of thermal utilization of sewage sludge using low quality heat. Performed study pointed out the most favorable way to use limited amounts of high temperature heat. Plasma gasification of the torrefied sewage sludge has been identified that requires further studies