Molekularna serotipizacija sojeva bakterije Salmonella izoliranih iz pilećeg mesa za prodaju, na temelju in silico višestrukog PCR-a, određivanja ESBL-a i gena kolistin rezistencije mcr-1 do -5

Salmonella spp. are zoonotic pathogenic agents that cause important infections in humans and animals. They are the most common foodborne pathogens after Campylobacter spp. worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and colistin resistance of 67 Salmonella spp. isolated from retail chicken meats between May and December 2016, and stored in the culture collection of Ataturk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology. The isolates were serotyped using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR). The serovar distribution of strains was 74.6% S. Infantis, 16.4% S. Enteritidis, 3.0% S. Arizonae, 3.0% S. Dublin, 1.5% S. Gallinarum and 1.5% S. Indica. Of the 67 strains, 20 (29.9%) were ESBL- positive. The main types of β-lactamase identified were blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-8-25, blaSHV and blaTEM. Four isolates were found to be phenotypically colistin-resistant. These isolates did not carry mobilised colistin resistance (mcr) genes 1 to 5. In this study, both genotypically ESBL-producing and phenotypically colistin-resistant Salmonella strains were found. We revealed that ESBL-producing Salmonella strains have dramatically increased over the years, especially when compared with previously reported chicken meat Salmonella strains in Turkey. The increase in Salmonella strains, particularly ESBL producers and the colistin resistant, is of great concern for selected antimicrobial therapy in human infections. Hence, epidemiological information and monitoring systems are extremely important in controlling Salmonella infections in public health services.Salmonella spp. zoonotski su patogeni koji uzrokuju infekcije u ljudi i životinja. Na globalnoj su razini najčešći patogeni koji se prenose hranom poslije bakterija Campylobacter spp. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je fenotipski i genotipski odrediti β-laktamaze proširenog spektra (ESBL) i otpornost na kolistin 67 sojeva bakterija Salmonella spp. izoliranih iz pilećeg mesa za prodaju od svibnja do prosinca 2016. i pohranjenih u kulturama na Odsjeku za mikrobiologiju Fakulteta veterinarske medicine na Sveučilištu Ataturk. Izolati su serotipizirani primjenom višestruke lančane reakcije polimerazom (mPCR). Distribucija serovara bila je: 74,6 % za S. Infantis, 16,4 % za S. Enteritidis, 3,0 % za S. Arizonae, 3,0 % za S. Dublin, 1,5 % za S. Gallinarum i 1,5 % za S. Indica. Od 67 sojeva njih je 20 (29,9 %) bilo pozitivno na ESBL. Glavni identificirani tipovi β-laktamaza bili su: blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-8-25, blaSHV i blaTEM. Četiri izolata bila su fenotipski otporna na kolistin. Ovi izolati nisu sadržavali aktivne gene rezistencije na kolistin (mcr) 1 do 5. U ovom su istraživanju nađeni i sojevi salmonele koji su genotipski proizvodili ESBL i sojevi fenotipski otporni na kolistin. Sojevi salmonele koji proizvode ESBL s godinama su se znatno povećali, posebno u usporedbi s prethodnim izvješćima o sojevima salmonele u mesu pilića u Turskoj. Porast sojeva salmonele, osobito onih koji proizvode ESBL i onih koji su otporni na kolistin, zabrinjava zbog antimikrobnog liječenja infekcija u ljudi. Zbog toga su u kontroli infekcija salmonelama u javnome zdravstvu iznimno važni epidemiološki podaci i sustavi praćenja

IMPLEMENTATION OF VIRTUAL REALITY ENHANCED CONTINUOUS PERFORMANCE TEST DESIGNED FOR ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER DIAGNOSIS

The purpose of the study is to implement a virtual reality (VR) enhanced continuous performance test (CPT) specifically designed as an aid to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis with the newest enabling technologies. To realize such an objective, firstly, the VR technology enabled ADHD diagnosis methodologies are investigated and required metrics are analyzed. Then, a new model is constructed in order to measure the required metrics and an assessment methodology is adopted to evaluate such metrics to cooperate with the created VR application. As the contribution, a new measurement model and procedure are presented and the effectiveness of the system is going to be examined in future studies

Some specific microbiological parameters and prevalence of Salmonella spp. in retail chicken meat from Erzurum province, Turkey and characterization of antibiotic resistance of isolates

Specific microbiological parameters and the presence of Salmonella spp. were investigated in 72 chicken meat samples (36 wings and 36 drumsticks) collected from markets and butcher shops. The specific microbiological parameters were determined using a conventional cultural method and the presence of Salmonella spp. in chicken samples was determined using conventional and immunomagnetic separation (IMS)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was revealed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The results indicated that 30 of the 72 samples were positive for Salmonella spp. by the conventional method, and 42 of the 72 were positive by the IMS-PCR method. However, 30 of the 72 samples were positive for Salmonella spp. by both methods. The Salmonella spp. isolates were confirmed by the VITEK2 Compact System and PCR. The susceptibilities of the isolates against 10 antibiotics were determined. The results indicated that isolates (27/30) showed the highest susceptibility to gentamycin (90.00%), while the highest resistance was to nalidixic acid and tetracycline at the 100 and 93.34% levels, respectively. These results indicate a high prevalence of Salmonella spp. in poultry meat from Erzurum city, Turkey, and the antimicrobial resistance profile of these isolates should be considered for public health. The results also show that the IMS-PCR technique was superior to the conventional method for detecting Salmonella in poultry meat

Effects of intraperitoneal injection of allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on bronchiolitis obliterans in mice model

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can ameliorate a variety of lung diseases such as asthma, lung fibrosis, and acute lung injury by its anti-inflammatory and immunmodulatory effects. In this study, we developed a mouse model of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) and evaluated the effects of the intraperitoneal administration of BMSCs on lung histopathology and cytokine levels. 25 BALB/c mice were divided into four groups; control group (Group I), BO developed and 1x106 BMSCs-injected group (Group II), non-BO, 1x106 BMSCs-injected group (Group III), and BO developed and saline-injected group (Group IV). Histological and immunohistochemical findings of the lung tissue and the migration of BMSCs to the lung were evaluated using light and confocal microscopy techniques. Confocal microscopy evaluations showed that there was no noteworthy amount of BMSCs in the lung tissue of group III while significant amount of BMSCs was detected in group II. Wall thicknesses of terminal bronchiole and periterminal bronchiolar collagen deposition were significantly lower in group II compared to the group IV (p<0.05). Furthermore, according to the immunohistochemical staining results, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68 and neutrophil elastase positive immune cells of group II were stained more positive than group IV cells (p<0.05). IFN-ã IL-2 and TNF-á levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were significantly lower in group II compared to group IV (p<0.05). The findings of this study indicate that intraperitoneally administered BMSCs have potent effects on histopatological changes of the lung tissue and cytokine levels in the murine model of BO.Scientific and Technological Council of Turkey (112S148

Mevcut binalar için güçlendirme yöntemleri geliştirilmesi

TÜBİTAK MAG01.05.2005Bugün ülkemizde ve diğer ülkelerde yaygın olarak uygulanan "sistem iyileştirmesi" yöntemi, dayanımı ve rijitliği yetersiz çerçevelerin bazı gözlerinin betonarme dolgu ile doldurularak yeni bir yatay yük taşıyıcı sistemi olmuşturulması olarak tanımlanabilir. Ülkemizde bugün karşılaşılan en önemli sorunlardan biri de hasar görmemiş ve kullanılmakta olan çok sayıda zayıf binanın depreme dayanıklı duruma getirilmesidir. Bu binaların güçlendirilmesinde, "sistem iyileştirmesi" yönteminin kullanılması elbette mümkündür. Ancak sözü edilen yöntemde dolgu duvarların oluşturulmasında beton kullanılacağından, binaların boşaltılması gerekmektedir. Çok sayıda binanın boşaltılması ve binada yaşayanların eşyaları ile birlikte başka bir konuta yerleştirilmesi pratik bir çözüm değildir. Bu proje kapsamında, depreme dayanıklı olmayan ve halen kullanılmakta olan binaların boşaltılmadan güçlendirilmesini sağlayacak yöntemler geliştirilmiş ve bunların gerekli dayanım ve rijitliği sağladığı deneysel ve analitik olarak kanıtlanmıştır.In the system behavior improvement technique, the general philosophy is to introduce a new lateral load resisting system, which will increase the lateral strength and the lateral stiffness of the existing system, which is generally a non-ductile frame with inadequate lateral stiffness. Various techniques based on this principle have been developed and applied in the past. Among them, the most widely used technique is the formation of new stiff walls through infilling some bays of the existing frame with reinforced concrete infills. Use of infilled frames as a method of seismic behavior improvement for existing structures is presently a very common application in Turkey. All these techniques are applicable at the cost of a certain discomfort to the occupants and, the application of these techniques in the rehabilitation of undamaged buildings may not very practical. With this project, the development of new strengthening techniques was achieved. Experimental and anaylical studies have been done to proove the effectiveness of newly developed strengthening techniques. In this study, rapid and yet reliable rehabilitation methodologies for Turkey have be developed

Expanding the clinical and immunological phenotypes of PAX1-deficient SCID and CID patients

Paired box 1 (PAX1) deficiency has been reported in a small number of patients diagnosed with otofaciocervical syndrome type 2 (OFCS2). We described six new patients who demonstrated variable clinical penetrance. Reduced transcriptional activity of pathogenic variants confirmed partial or complete PAX1 deficiency. Thymic aplasia and hypoplasia were associated with impaired T cell immunity. Corrective treatment was required in 4/6 patients. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation resulted in poor immune reconstitution with absent naïve T cells, contrasting with the superior recovery of T cell immunity after thymus transplantation. Normal ex vivo differentiation of PAX1-deficient CD34+ cells into mature T cells demonstrated the absence of a hematopoietic cell-intrinsic defect. New overlapping features with DiGeorge syndrome included primary hypoparathyroidism (n = 5) and congenital heart defects (n = 2), in line with PAX1 expression during early embryogenesis. Our results highlight new features of PAX1 deficiency, which are relevant to improving early diagnosis and identifying patients requiring corrective treatment

Testicular descending time and treatment of unilateral cryptorchidism in puppies

There is no consensus among researchers on the normal descending time of testicles in dogs; some researchers have reported the time as the first week after the birth, while some have reported that this time can exceed 5 weeks (Baumanns et al., 1981; Romagnoli, 1991). The aim of this study is to evaluate whether or not the testicular descending time depends on breeds, and in the case of an early diagnosis, the employability of GnRH hormone in the treatment of non-descended testicles in canines