23 research outputs found
Lithiation of white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) using lithium-fortified substrate: Effect of fortification levels on Li uptake and on other trace elements
High doses of lithium salts are used for the treatment or prevention of episodes of mania in bipolar disorder, but the medication is rapidly excreted and also shows side effects. Li may also be beneficial in people with mood disorders. Nutritionally, popular foods such as wild and cultivated mushrooms have low Li contents. This study evaluated the Li enrichment of white Agaricus bisporus mushrooms using Li2CO3 solutions to fortify the commercial growing substrate at various concentrations from 1.0 to 500 mg kgâ1 dry weight (dw). Fortification of up to 100 mg kgâ1 dw resulted in a significant (p < 0.01) dose-dependent increase in the accumulation of Li in mushroom, but the highest fortification level was found to be detrimental to fruitification. The median values of Li in fortified mushrooms corresponded to the fortification levels, increasing from 0.49 to 17 mg kgâ1 dw relative to the background concentration of 0.056 mg kgâ1 dw (control substrate contained 0.10 mg kgâ1 dw). The potential for Li uptake in fruiting bodies was found to decrease at higher levels of fortification, with saturation occurring at 100 mg kgâ1. Resulting lithiated mushrooms were up to 300-fold richer in Li content than specimens grown on control substrate. The fortification showed some effects on the uptake of other trace minerals, but concentrations of co-accumulated Ag, Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Tl, U, V and Zn were similar or lower than values reported in the literature for commercial A. bisporus. These lithiated mushrooms could be considered as a pro-medicinal alternative to treatments that use Li salts
The use of Li2O fortifed growing compost to enhance lithiation in white Agaricus bisporus mushrooms: Li uptake and coâaccumulation of other trace elements
In an attempt to enrich the fruiting bodies with Lithium (Li), this study cultivated mushrooms using growing sets that were fortified with Li2O at 1.0, 5.0, 10, 50, 100 and 500 mg·kgâ1 dw. Compost fortification up to 100 mg·kgâ1 dw induced a dose dependent increase in Li accumulation with resulting median mushroom concentrations of 2.0, 8.6, 16, 29 and 38 mg·kgâ1dw, respectively, relative to the unfortified control at 0.087 mg·kgâ1 dw. The dose dependency appears to level off as Li2O addition approaches 100 mg·kgâ1, suggesting that there is a limit to the ability of the species to accumulate/tolerate Li. Mushrooms did not grow at the 500 mg·kgâ1 dw fortification level. At the highest viable level of fortification (100 mg·kgâ1 dw), the fruiting bodies were around 440-fold richer in Li content than the control mushrooms. Additionally, the fortification at all levels up to 100 mg·kgâ1 dw showed very low, if any, effect on the co-accumulation of the other, studied trace mineral constituents, with concentrations occurring at the lower range of those reported for commercial A. bisporus mushrooms
Combined use of companion planting and PGPR for the assisted phytoextraction of trace metals (Zn, Pb, Cd)
Biomass production and metal accumulation in plant tissue (bioconcentration) are two critical factors limiting the phytoextraction
rate.Metal translocation to aboveground organs should be accounted for as the third most important factor, as harvesting of the plant
roots is usually economically disadvantageous. These three parameters could be potentially increased with the use of companion
planting, a well-known agricultural technique, and inoculation with plant growthâpromoting bacteria (PGPB). The aim of the study
was to determine whether intercropping and inoculation with endophytic PGPB (Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJNT) can increase
the efficiency of phytoextraction of Zn, Pb, and Cd. The study was conducted on Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. âMaĆopolskaâ grown
in a monoculture or co-planted with Zea mays L. âCodimonâ and Medicago sativa L. âSanditi.â Results show that companion
planting and inoculation with rhizobacteria can increase the efficiency of metal phytoextraction, mainly by increasing the yield of
dry biomass and the survival rate of plants grown on contaminated soil.We have shown that the simultaneous planting of B. juncea
with M. sativa and inoculation with PGPB were the most efficient variants of assisted phytoextraction reaching a recovery of 95%
Zn, 90% Cd, and on average about 160% Pb compared with control B. juncea plants grown in monoculture
Determination of total arsenic and arsenic species in drinking water, surface water, wastewater, and snow from Wielkopolska, Kujawy-Pomerania, and Lower Silesia provinces, Poland
Total Arsenic and Arsenic Species Determination in Freshwater Fish by ICP-DRC-MS and HPLC/ICP-DRC-MS Techniques
Analytical methods for the determination of total arsenic (TAs) and arsenic species (arsenite—As(III), arsenate—As(V), monomethylarsenic acid—MMA, dimethylarsenic acid—DMA and arsenobetaine—AsB) in freshwater fish samples were developed. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with dynamic reaction cell (ICP-DRC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to ICP-DRC-MS were used for TAs and arsenic species determination, respectively. The DRC with oxygen as a reaction gas was used. Sample preparation, digestion, and extraction were optimized. Microwave assisted digestion and extraction provided good recovery and extraction efficiency. Arsenic species were fully separated in 8 min using 10 mmol L−1 of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 10 mmol L−1 of ammonium nitrate. Overlapping of AsB and As(III) of arsenic species in the presence of a high concentration of AsB and trace amounts of As(III) were studied. Detailed validation of analytical procedures proved the reliability of analytical measurements. Both procedures were characterized by short-term and long-term precision: 2.2% (TAs) up to 4.2% (AsB), and 3.6% (TAs) up to 7.2% (DMA), respectively. Limits of detection (LD) were in the range from 0.056 µg L−1 for TAs to 0.15 µg L−1 for As(V). Obtained recoveries were in the range of 85%⁻116%. Developed methods were applied to freshwater fish samples analysis
Study on Speciation of As, Cr, and Sb in Bottled Flavored Drinking Water Samples Using Advanced Analytical Techniques IEC/SEC-HPLC/ICP-DRC-MS and ESI-MS/MS
The main aim of the research was to develop a complementary analytical approach consisting of bespoke speciation analysis and non-targeted speciation analysis of As, Sb, and Cr in flavored bottled drinking water samples using HPLC/ICP-DRC-MS and ESI-MS/MS. The scope of two previously developed analytical procedures, (1) multielemental speciation procedure for AsIII, AsV, CrVI, SbIII, and SbV analysis and (2) arsenic speciation procedure for AsB, AsIII, DMA, MMA, and AsV quantification, was extended to the analysis of a new sample type in terms of bespoke speciation analysis. As for the non-targeted speciation, analysis size exclusion chromatography was used with ICP-MS and a complementary technique, ESI-MS/MS, was used for the organic species of As, Sb, and Cr screening. Full validation of procedures 1 and 2 was conducted. Procedure 1 and 2 were characterized with precision values in the range from 2.5% to 5.5% and from 3.6% to 7.2%, respectively. Obtained recoveries ranged from 97% to 106% and from 99% to 106% for procedures 1 and 2, respectively. Expanded uncertainties calculated for procedures 1 and 2 ranged from 6.1% to 9.4% and from 7.4% to 9.9%, respectively. The applicability of the proposed procedures was tested on bottled drinking water samples. Results for the real samples in procedure 1 were in the range from 0.286 ± 0.027 [μg L−1] to 0.414 ± 0.039 [μg L−1] for AsIII, from 0.900 ± 0.083 [μg L−1] to 3.26 ± 0.30 [μg L−1] for AsV, and from 0.201 ± 0.012 [μg L−1] to 0.524 ± 0.032 [μg L−1] for SbV. CrVI and SbIII were not detected in any sample. As for procedure 2, results were in the range from 0.0541 ± 0.0053 [μg L−1] to 0.554 ± 0.054 [μg L−1] for AsB. Results for AsIII and AsV obtained with procedure 2 were in good accordance with results obtained with procedure 1. DMA and MMA were not detected in any sample
In vitro gastrointestinal digestion and bioavailability of lithium from processed lithiated and nonlithiated white Agaricus bisporus mushrooms
Aim: In order to avoid side effects of lithium doses in some patients, some commonly cultivated mushroom species including A. bisporus have been successfully lithiated, with the potential to provide more acceptable sources of Li. This study assessed the in vitro release (potential bioaccessibility) and possible intake of Li using the action of artificial gastrointestinal juices on lithiated and nonlithiated (control) button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) that were subjected to certain modes of culinary processing.  Methods: In the in vitro release study, mushrooms were processed using a number of routinely used domestic treatments including rehydrating dried mushrooms, blanching and blanching followed by pickling of fresh or frozen mushrooms. The in vitro digestion procedure used artificial gastrointestinal juices in a two-stage methodology that was adapted from âThe Bioaccessibility Research Group of Europeâ method.  The Li concentrations were determined using an inductively coupled argon plasmaâdynamic reactive cellâmass spectrometer.  Results: Lithium was found to be more bioaccessible from caps of lithiated mushrooms compared with nonlithiated. Releases from the caps and stipes of blanched or blanched and then pickled mushrooms through gastric digestion ranged from 32â±â2 to 50â±â1% relative to the dried product and was lower for gastrointestinal digestion, which ranged from 16â±â1 to 20â±â1%.  Conclusion: Losses of Li sustained through blanching or blanching followed by pickling of fresh mushrooms (41â87% wet weight) combined with limited accessibility during gastrointestinal release (16â55%) result in much lower bioavailability of the dose from lithiated products. A 300-g meal would provide <5% of the Li (6 mg) required for potential preventative treatments, such as reducing suicide rates and lowering dementia risk
Enhancing the lithium content of white button mushrooms Agaricus bisporus using LiNO3 fortified compost: effects on the uptake of Li and other trace elements
Attempts to bio-enrich fungal biomass with essential trace elements to produce dietary supplements have some tradition and an example is selenium. Lithium salts have medical applications, but safer forms are sought and lithiated foods and food supplements may be an alternative. This study evaluated the lithiation of white Agaricus bisporus mushrooms using commercial compost fortified with LiNO3 and investigated the effects on co-accumulation of trace elements. The fortifications at levels of 1.0, 5.0, 10, 50 and 100 mg kgâ1 dw, resulted in corresponding median increases in mushroom Li concentrations of 0.74, 5.0, 7.4, 19 and 21 mg kgâ1 dw, respectively, relative to 0.031 mg kgâ1 dw in control mushrooms. The bio-concentration potential for Li uptake decreased at higher levels of fortification, with saturation occurring at 100 mg kgâ1, and at the level of 500 mg kgâ1Â the mycelium failed to produce mushrooms. The compost fortification resulted in up to several hundred-fold enrichment of mushrooms compared to those grown on control compost, underlining their potential for therapeutic use. At higher fortification levels, some effects were seen on the co-accumulation of other elements, such as Ag (stems), As, Cd, Cr, Cs, Cu, Hg (stems), Mn, Rb, Sr, U (stems) and Zn; 0.05 0.05)
Mineral constituents of conserved white button mushrooms: similarities and differences
Background. Mushrooms are a food that is often considered as an important source of minerals and other nutrients for consumers. There is little data on the minerals in mushrooms processed culinary and on the impact of processing.
Objective. The research was aimed at understanding the similarities and differences in the mineral composition (Hg, Li, Mg, Al, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, Cs, Sb, Tl, Pb, U, Ba, Cr, Zn, Mn and V) of white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) processed in industrial conditions.
Material and methods. Fungal materials came from six producers. The elements were determined by ICP-MS DRC and CV-AAS using validated methods and QA/QC protocol. The interdependencies of 18 elements and 10 batches of mushrooms examined were tested with the help of principal component analysis.
Results. Some significant differences were found in the content and composition of minerals in marinated white button mushrooms depending on producer. Conserved white button mushrooms are poorer in major essential elements but also in toxic Hg, As, Ag, Cd, Sb, Tl or Pb which has been reported for unprocessed mushrooms.
Conclusions. The relatively higher levels of Ag in some batches seem to be largely explained by the quality of the substrate used for mushrooms cultivation, while of Li, Rb, Cs, Cr, Al, U, V, As and Mn (in part also of Ba and Sr) largely by the quality of the marinade