Tetra­aqua­bis(nicotinamide-κN 1)nickel(II) bis­(2-fluoro­benzoate)

The asymmetric unit of the title complex, [Ni(C6H6N2O)2(H2O)4](C7H4FO2)2, contains one-half of the complex cation with the NiII atom located on an inversion center, and a 2-fluoro­benzoate (FB) counter-anion. The four O atoms in the equatorial plane around the Ni atom form a slightly distorted square-planar arrangement with an average Ni—O bond length of 2.079 Å, and the slightly distorted octa­hedral coordination is completed by the two N atoms of the nicotinamide (NA) ligands in the axial positions. The dihedral angle between the carboxyl group and the attached benzene ring is 28.28 (11)°, while the pyridine and benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 8.31 (4)°. In the crystal structure, O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O, C—H⋯O, and C—H⋯F hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into a three-dimensional network. π–π Contacts between the pyridine and benzene rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.626 (1) Å] may further stabilize the crystal structure. The 2-fluoro­benzoate anion is disordered over two orientations, with an occupancy ratio of 0.85:0.15

Diaqua­bis(2-bromo­benzoato-κO)bis­(N,N-diethyl­nicotinamide-κN 1)nickel(II)

In the monomeric centrosymmetric title NiII complex, [Ni(C7H4BrO2)2(C10H14N2O)2(H2O)2], the NiII ion is located on an inversion center. The asymmetric unit contains one 2-bromo­benzoate ligand, one diethyl­nicotinamide (DENA) ligand and one coordinated water mol­ecule. The four O atoms in the equatorial plane around the NiII ion form a slightly distorted square-planar arrangement, while the slightly distorted octa­hedral coordination is completed by two N atoms of two DENA ligands in the axial positions. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the attached carboxyl­ate group is 87.73 (15)°, while the pyridine and benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 42.48 (7)°. In the crystal structure, O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into a two-dimensional network parallel to (10). In addition, C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed

Bis(μ-2-fluoro­benzoato-1:2κ2 O:O′)(2-fluoro­benzoato-1κ2 O,O′)(2-fluoro­benzoato-2κO)dinicotinamide-1κN 1,2κN 1-dizinc(II)–2-fluoro­benzoic acid (1/1)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Zn2(C7H4FO2)4(C6H6N2O)2]·C7H5FO2, consists of a binuclear ZnII complex bridged by two carboxyl groups of 2-fluoro­benzoate (FB) anions and a 2-fluoro­benzoic acid mol­ecule. The two bridging FB anions, one chelating FB anion and one nicotinamide (NA) ligand coordinate to one Zn cation with a distorted square-pyramidal geometry, while the two bridging FB anions, one monodentate FB anion and one NA ligand coordinate to the other Zn cation with a distorted tetra­hedral geometry. Within the binuclear mol­ecule, the pyridine rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 19.41 (14)°. In the crystal structure, the uncoordinated 2-fluorobenzoic acid mol­ecules are linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding, forming centrosymmetric supra­molecular dimers. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the complex mol­ecules into a three-dimensional network. The π–π contacts between nearly parallel pyridine and benzene rings [dihedral angles of 19.41 (14) and 12.72 (16)°, respectively, centroid–centroid distances = 3.701 (2) and 3.857 (3) Å] may further stabilize the crystal structure. The fluorine atoms in two FB ligands are disordered over two positions, with occupancy ratios of 0.70:0.30

Bis­(4-fluoro­benzoato)-κ2 O,O′;κO-(4-fluoro­benzoic acid-κO)bis­(nico­tinamide-κN 1)copper(II)

In the title CuII complex, [Cu(C7H4FO2)2(C7H5FO2)(C6H6N2O)2], the CuII cation is coordinated by two N atoms of two nicotinamide (NA) ligands, and by four O atoms from two 4-fluoro­benzoate (PFB) anions and one 4-fluoro­benzoic acid (PFBA) mol­ecule, in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. In the mol­ecule, two Cu—O bond lengths are significantly longer than the other two. The dihedral angles between the carboxyl­ate groups and the adjacent benzene rings are 11.08 (14), 7.62 (13) and 5.73 (11)°, while the benzene rings are oriented at dihedral angles of 15.62 (6), 33.71 (8) and 26.60 (8)°. In the crystal structure, extensive N—H⋯O, C—H⋯F and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into a three-dimensional network. π–π contacts between the benzene rings [centroid-to-centroid distances = 3.5517 (15), 3.8456 (14) and 3.9265 (13) Å] further stabilize the crystal structure

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF NeuROPLAY METHOD ON DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS AND PARENTAL INTERACTIONS

This study was conducted to examine the effect of neuroPLAY on the developmental processes and parental interactions of children with autism spectrum disorder. A mixed method was used in the study. In the quantitative dimension of the study, 41 children with an autism spectrum disorder age 18-42 months, and in the qualitative dimension five children and their parents with autism spectrum disorder were included. The qualitative dimension of the study was used and the observation method was carried out in the institutional environment through individual participant and unattended and video recordings in the home environment. Observation was conducted both to determine the developmental process of the child and the parental interaction and to monitor the process of applying the parent/caregiver's neuroPLAYy method. In the quantitative dimension, experimental design is used. The experimental training period lasted at least 3 months as neuroPLAY. Prior to the start of the experimental training period, five days of training were given to parents and caregivers, and the experts provided feedback on the parent/caregiver through the process of observation. The results of the research show that neuroPLAY has positive effects on developmental processes and parental interactions of children with autism spectrum disorder

Role of Glia Cells in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an increasing frequency, manifested by functional disorders in social communication and social interaction, limited interests, and repetitive behaviors. The etiology of autism spectrum disorder has not yet been fully elucidated and there are many areas that need further study. Increasing studies have shown that disruptions in synaptic functions are critical in the onset of ASD. Glial cells have a role in the regulation of synaptic functions. In ASD, changes are seen in the number of neurons and glia cells in the affected cerebral cortex, and these changes cause dysregulation in synaptic functions and affect behaviors. Studies provide information about the role of glia cells in the pathophysiology of ASD, but more data is needed on the relationship between ASD and glia cells. In this review, the importance of glial cells in the etiopathogenesis of ASD and studies will be discussed

Poly[[diaqua­manganese(II)]-bis­(μ-4-fluoro­benzoato-κ2 O:O′)]

In the crystal structure of the title complex, [Mn(C7H4FO2)2(H2O)2]n, the MnII atom is located on an inversion centre. It is coordinated by two water mol­ecules in the apical directions and four 4-fluoro­benzoate (PFB) anions, bridging the symmetry related Mn atoms in the basal plane to form an infinite two-dimensional polymeric structure parallel to (100). The four O atoms of the PFB anions around the MnII atom form a slightly distorted square-planar arrangement, while the slightly distorted octa­hedral coordination is completed by the two O atoms of the water mol­ecules. The dihedral angle between the carboxyl­ate group and the adjacent benzene ring is 27.29 (16)°. The O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds further connect the manganese-carboxyl­ate units. π–π contacts between the benzene rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.6894 (15) Å] further stabilize the crystal structure

SAUNALARIN ÖNEMİ VE TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİ

Doğada, sıcak ve soğuk olmak üzere birbirine zıt iki kutup vardır. Sauna bu tezatların bir uygulama mekanıdır. Sauna, hava ve su vasıtasıyla soğutulan bir sıcak hava banyosudur. Bu banyo ile insan bedeni, soğuk ile sıcak arasındaki doğanın mücadelesini küçük çapta da olsa uygulamasını yaşamaktadır. Buna göre; sauna, sıcak ile soğuğun etkileri arasındaki sonsuz çekişmeyi temsil etmektedir. Sauna, bu iki büyük tesiri ideal bir şekilde bünyesinde toplamaktadır.Bu nedenle, özellikle az güneş gören Finlandiya gibi kuzey ülkelerinde ve Avrupa’da yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan, ancak ekonomik ve kültürel nedenlerden dolayı ülkemizde çok fazla bilinmeyen saunanın tanıtılması amaçlanmıştır.Bu çalışmada, saunaların tarihsel gelişimi, önemi, özellikleri, çeşitleri, sınıflandırılması ve faydaları hakkında literatür taramaları yapılmıştır

Bis(4-ethyl­benzoato-κO)bis­(nicotin­amide-κN 1)zinc(II)

The title ZnII complex, [Zn(C9H9O2)2(C6H6N2O)2], contains two 4-ethyl­benzoate and two nicotinamide monodentate ligands, leading to a distorted tetrahedral coordination of the ZnII ion. The dihedral angles between the carboxyl­ate groups and the adjacent benzene rings are 10.33 (13) and 2.38 (11)°, while opposite pyridine and benzene rings are oriented at dihedral angles of 68.46 (5) and 81.09 (6)°. In the crystal, inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules, forming a three-dimensional network. C—H⋯O inter­actions also occur as well as two weak C—H⋯π inter­actions involving the benzene rings

Diaqua­bis­(2-bromo­benzoato-κO)bis­(N,N-diethyl­nicotinamide-κN 1)cobalt(II)

In the mononuclear title compound, [Co(C7H4BrO2)2(C10H14N2O)2(H2O)2], the CoII ion is located on a crystallographic inversion center. The asymmetric unit is completed by one 2-bromo­benzoate anion, one diethyl­nicotinamide (DENA) ligand and one coordinated water mol­ecule; all ligands are monodentate. The four O atoms in the equatorial plane around CoII form a slightly distorted square-planar arrangement, while the slightly distorted octa­hedral coordination is completed by the two pyridine N atoms of the DENA ligands in axial positions. The dihedral angle between the carboxyl­ate group and the attached benzene ring is 84.7 (1)°; the pyridine and benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 43.64 (6)°. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into a three-dimensional network