Dichlorido[N′-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy­benzyl­idene)pyridine-4-carbohydrazide-κN](1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)cobalt(II) methanol monosolvate

In the title compound, [CoCl2(C13H9Cl2N3O2)2(C12H8N2)]·CH3OH, the CoII atom is octahedrally coordinated by two N atoms from the pyridyl rings of the tridentate N′-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy­benzyl­idene)pyridine-4-carbohydrazide (H2 L) ligand, two N atoms from the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand and two chloride ions. The acyl­hydrazone groups are not involved into the coordination of the metal ion. In the crystal packing an extended three-dimensional network formed by N—H⋯Cl, N—H⋯O, O—H⋯N, O—H⋯N and O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds is observed

Structural basis for concerted recruitment and activation of IRF-3 by innate immune adaptor proteins

Type I IFNs are key cytokines mediating innate antiviral immunity. cGMP-AMP synthase, ritinoic acid-inducible protein 1 (RIG-I)–like receptors, and Toll-like receptors recognize microbial double-stranded (ds)DNA, dsRNA, and LPS to induce the expression of type I IFNs. These signaling pathways converge at the recruitment and activation of the transcription factor IRF-3 (IFN regulatory factor 3). The adaptor proteins STING (stimulator of IFN genes), MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling), and TRIF (TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β) mediate the recruitment of IRF-3 through a conserved pLxIS motif. Here we show that the pLxIS motif of phosphorylated STING, MAVS, and TRIF binds to IRF-3 in a similar manner, whereas residues upstream of the motif confer specificity. The structure of the IRF-3 phosphomimetic mutant S386/396E bound to the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)-binding protein reveals that the pLxIS motif also mediates IRF-3 dimerization and activation. Moreover, rotavirus NSP1 (nonstructural protein 1) employs a pLxIS motif to target IRF-3 for degradation, but phosphorylation of NSP1 is not required for its activity. These results suggest a concerted mechanism for the recruitment and activation of IRF-3 that can be subverted by viral proteins to evade innate immune responses

Case report: Cervical brachytherapy technique for locally advanced cervical cancer in a patient with complete bicorporeal uterus

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to describe an approach to cervical brachytherapy for a patient with a complete bicorporeal uterus and locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC).Materials and methodsThe patient was a 53-year-old woman with a complete bicorporeal uterus, diagnosed with stage IIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma due to contact bleeding. The patient underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), external beam pelvic radiotherapy with 45 Gy/25 fractions, and weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m2). Brachytherapy was administered following the completion of external beam radiotherapy.ResultsThe brachytherapy, which was CT (Computed Tomography)-guided using two CT-compatible tandems and two CT-compatible ovoids, delivered a prescription dose of HRCTV D90 was 6 Gy*5F, which achieved satisfactory dose coverage. The patient’s final HRCTV D90 EQD210 was 84.9 Gy, and IRCTV D90 EQD210 was 63.5 Gy. Rectum D2cc EQD23 was 66.03 Gy, bladder D2cc EQD23 was 75.57 Gy, sigmoid D2cc EQD23 was 63.93 Gy, and intestine D2cc EQD23 was 65.86 Gy. Follow-up at 1 year was CR.ConclusionsFor patients with cervical cancer and a complete bicorporeal uterus, using double tandems combined with double ovoids is a feasible treatment method to ensure adequate dose coverage without causing additional damage. This method is also applicable to patients with endometrial cancer

Identification and characterization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri during gonadal development

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) controls synthesis of sex steroid hormones through hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in vertebrates. But in mollusks, research on neuroendocrine control of gonadal function, such as the function of GnRH during gonadal development is limited. In this study, we investigated the morphology and structure of the nerve ganglia of Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri by physiological and histological observations. We also cloned the ORF and studied the expression patterns of GnRH in the scallop. Tissue expression analysis showed that GnRH was highly expressed in parietovisceral ganglion (PVG). The in situ hybridization result further confirmed that GnRH mRNA only distributed in some good-sized neurons in the posterior lobe (PL) and some pint-sized neurons in the lateral lobe (LL). In addition, by examining the expression of GnRH during gonadal development in ganglia, we found GnRH displayed higher expression in the female scallops, and showed significant high expression at the growing stage of female scallops in PVG. This study would contribute to gaining insight into the mechanism underlying reproduction regulation by GnRH in the scallop and help to provide a better understanding of reproductive neuroendocrine in mollusks

Involvement in bullying and sleep disorders in Chinese early adolescents

BackgroundSchool bullying may cause sleep disorders in early adolescents. Here, we determined the relationship between school bullying (considering all the features of bullying involvement) and sleep disorders, which are the common problems in Chinese early adolescents.Materials and methodsWe conducted a questionnaire survey among 5,724 middle school students from Xuancheng, Hefei, and Huaibei cities in Anhui province, China. The self-report questionnaires included the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. We used latent class analysis to identify the potential subgroups of bullying behavior. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between school bullying and sleep disorders.ResultsActive participants in bullying interactions, including the bullies and victims, reported higher levels of sleep disorders compared with the non-active participants [Bully: physical (aOR = 2.62), verbal (aOR = 1.73), relational (aOR = 1.80), and cyber (aOR = 2.08); Victim: physical (aOR = 2.42), verbal (aOR = 2.59), relational (aOR = 2.61), and cyber (aOR = 2.81)]. A dose–response relationship was observed between the number of school bullying types and sleep disorders. In the context of bullying roles, bully-victims had the highest risk of reporting sleep disorders (aOR = 3.07, 95% CI: 2.55–3.69). We identified four potential categories of school bullying behaviors: low involvement in bullying, verbal and relational victims, medium bully-victims, and high bully-victims, and the highest frequency of sleep disorders was observed in the high bully-victims group (aOR = 4.12, 95% CI: 2.94–5.76).ConclusionOur findings indicate a positive correlation between bullying roles and sleep disorders in early adolescents. Therefore, targeted intervention for sleep disorders should include an evaluation of bullying experiences

Research on ultrasonic vibration grinding technology of SiCp/Al composites

In view of the difficulties in processing SiCp/Al materials by traditional grinding methods, the rapid wear of grinding tools, and the difficulties in obtaining high surface quality after processing, the ultrasonic vibration grinding method can significantly improve the processing effect. By analyzing the ultrasonic vibration trajectory of a single abrasive particle, it is concluded that its movement trajectory is a space ellipse shape, which can realize intermittent contact processing between the abrasive particle and the workpiece. The ultrasonic vibration grinding test is carried out on the SiCp/Al material with a volume fraction of 40% by using a resin-bonded diamond grinding head. Under different spindle speeds n, feed rates v, grinding depths ap and abrasive particle sizes d, the single-factor test method is used to detecte surface roughness of the workpiece. How each process parameter influences the Sa value of the workpiece surface roughness is obtained. And it is verified that ultrasonic vibration grinding of SiCp/Al can effectively improve the surface quality. The surface roughness of workpiece after ultrasonic vibration grinding decreases to 45 nm compared with 79 nm after ordinary grinding. The surface roughness of the workpiece first decreases and then increases with the increase of n, and it is the smallest when the speed is 1 800 r/min. The surface roughness of the workpiece increases with the increase of v and ap, and decreases with the decrease of d. And the optimal parameter combination in the test parameters is obtained: n=1 800 r/min, v=5 mm/min, ap=1 μm, d=4.5 μm

Spatial Differentiation and Influencing Factors of Tertiary Industry in the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration

The tertiary industry has become the main driving force for China’s economic development, and the adjustment and optimization of its structure are important prerequisites for achieving high-quality economic development. Existing studies have mostly focused on the spatial layout and influencing factors of the tertiary industry, with insufficient exploration of its internal structure. In this study, the PRD urban agglomeration is selected as the study area. On the basis of classifying the tertiary industry, the Dagum Gini coefficient, kernel density estimation, and local spatial autocorrelation are used to explore the spatial differentiation of various tertiary industries. The influencing factors are analyzed using geographical detectors, and suggestions for future development strategies are proposed. The results show that in terms of regional differentiation, the agglomeration of various tertiary industries in Guangzhou and Shenzhen is the most significant, but there is insufficient spillover to surrounding cities. In terms of development structure, the level of agglomeration of the consumptive tertiary industry is higher, the public tertiary industry tends to be more evenly distributed, and the productive tertiary industry is relatively dispersed. In terms of influencing factors, the interaction between population and employment dominates the spatial differentiation and evolution of the tertiary industry in the PRD urban agglomeration. Therefore, in the future, the tertiary industry in PRD urban agglomeration should promote the optimization of industrial structure and regional coordinated development under the guidance of the government

KDTM: Multi-Stage Knowledge Distillation Transfer Model for Long-Tailed DGA Detection

As the most commonly used attack strategy by Botnets, the Domain Generation Algorithm (DGA) has strong invisibility and variability. Using deep learning models to detect different families of DGA domain names can improve the network defense ability against hackers. However, this task faces an extremely imbalanced sample size among different DGA categories, which leads to low classification accuracy for small sample categories and even classification failure for some categories. To address this issue, we introduce the long-tailed concept and augment the data of small sample categories by transferring pre-trained knowledge. Firstly, we propose the Data Balanced Review Method (DBRM) to reduce the sample size difference between the categories, thus a relatively balanced dataset for transfer learning is generated. Secondly, we propose the Knowledge Transfer Model (KTM) to enhance the knowledge of the small sample categories. KTM uses a multi-stage transfer to transfer weights from the big sample categories to the small sample categories. Furthermore, we propose the Knowledge Distillation Transfer Model (KDTM) to relieve the catastrophic forgetting problem caused by transfer learning, which adds knowledge distillation loss based on the KTM. The experimental results show that KDTM can significantly improve the classification performance of all categories, especially the small sample categories. It can achieve a state-of-the-art macro average F1 score of 84.5%. The robustness of the KDTM model is verified using three DGA datasets that follow the Pareto distributions

Preparation of well-developed mesoporous activated carbon with high yield by ammonium polyphosphate activation

Ammonium polyphosphate was used as a novel activating agent for producing activated carbons (APACs) with well-developed mesoporous structure and high carbon yield from a renewable biomass (Enteromorpha). The influences of activation temperature and chemical impregnation ratio on the carbon yield and porous structure were investigated. APACs were characterized by pore structural analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that ammonium polyphosphate promoted the development of mesopore at lower temperature (around 600 degrees C) and the average pore diameter concentrated around 37 nm. All the APACs were prepared with high carbon yield (maximum 71%) and high mesopore fraction (>60%). The advantage of the generated mesoporous carbon was demonstrated by the high adsorption capacity for acid brilliant scarlet up to 416.7 mg/g. These results indicated that ammonium polyphosphate holds promise for producing activated carbon with excellent yield and mesoporous structure. (C) 2016 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved