Ultralow-current-density and bias-field-free spin-transfer nano-oscillator

The spin-transfer nano-oscillator (STNO) offers the possibility of using the transfer of spin angular momentum via spin-polarized currents to generate microwave signals. However, at present STNO microwave emission mainly relies on both large drive currents and external magnetic fields. These issues hinder the implementation of STNOs for practical applications in terms of power dissipation and size. Here, we report microwave measurements on STNOs built with MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions having a planar polarizer and a perpendicular free layer, where microwave emission with large output power, excited at ultralow current densities, and in the absence of any bias magnetic fields is observed. The measured critical current density is over one order of magnitude smaller than previously reported. These results suggest the possibility of improved integration of STNOs with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology, and could represent a new route for the development of the next-generation of on-chip oscillators.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figure

Fate and Effects of Barium and Radium-Rich Fluid Emissions of Hydrocarbon Seeps on the Benthic Habitats of the Gulf of Mexico Offshore Louisiana

An analysis of how barium and radium-laced fluid seeps affect the climate and habitats of the Gulf of Mexico offshore Louisiana

Dimethylarsinic acid as an effective compound on hematologic malignancies in vitro

Arsenic agents have been used in ancient Chinese medicine for several diseases. Among these agents. Arsenic trioxide has recently been reported as an effective agent for the therapy of relapse and refractory Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. Several clinical phase trials to determine its efficacy on other hematological disorders including other types of leukemia, lymphoma,and multiple myeloma are being performed at different centers. Although the results look favorable, toxic side effects of arsenic trioxide is a problem. Unlike inorganic arsenic agents like arsenic trioxide, no deaths or serious cases of toxicity due to organoarsenicals have been reported in the literature. Therefore, we tested the effect of organic arsenic compound Dimethylarsinic Acid (DMAA) on both cancer cells and normal progenitor cells of bone marrow. We used colony formation assay and Flow Cytometry to determine its effect. DMAA inhibited colony formation on all cell lines tested. The leukemia cell lines NB4 (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia), HL60 (AML3), KBM3 (Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia; AML-4), AML-3, KBM5 (Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia-Blast Crisis), K562 (Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia-Blast Crisis) were responsive to DMAA as the same as or higher than their response to arsenic trioxide. The dose used for arsenic trioxide in our experiments was 1 -2 uM, the clinically relevant dose of this agent. Effective DMAA dose ranged from 0.5 mM to 2mM depending on cell line tested. Multiple myeloma cell lines RPMI 8226, ARK, CAG were also affected by DMAA much more than the inhibition shown by arsenic trioxide on these cells. Since the LD50 value of DMAA is much higher than arsenic trioxide, we were not concerned about its higher effective dose whether it would not be clinically relevant. DMAA was more effective than arsenic trioxide also in inducing apoptosis which is assessed by annexin V, at all cell lines tested, while it did not have significant killing effect on normal progenitor cells of bone marrow. Further studies are to be done on other types of h\ue9matologie malignancies. According to our in vitro results, DMAA has same or higher effect than arsenic trioxide on caricer cells while sparing normal hematopoetic progenitor cells of bone marrow. We conclude that after confirming its specific toxicity by in vivo animal studies. Dimethylarsinic Acid can be tried in clinical phase studies for the treatment of h\ue9matologie malignancies