3,310 research outputs found
BPS Wilson loops in Minkowski spacetime and Euclidean space
We give evidence that spacelike BPS Wilson loops do not exist in Minkowski
spacetime. We show that spacelike Wilson loops in Minkowski spacetime cannot
preserve any supersymmetries, in super Yang-Mills
theory, super Chern-Simons-matter theory, and
Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena theory. We not only show
this using infinite straight lines and circles as examples, but also we give
proofs for general curves. We attribute this to the conflicts of reality
conditions of the spinors. However, spacelike Wilson loops do exist in
Euclidean space. There are both BPS Wilson loops along infinite straight lines
and circular BPS Wilson loops. This is because the reality conditions of the
spinors are lost after Wick rotation. The result is reasonable in view of the
AdS/CFT correspondence.Comment: V1, 19 pages, no figure; V2, 25 pages, typos corrected and proofs for
general curves added thanks to the careful reading and valuable suggestions
of the anonymous referee, version to appear in EPJC; V3, 25 pages, published
versio
Construction and classification of novel BPS Wilson loops in quiver Chern-Simons-matter theories
In this paper we construct and classify novel Drukker-Trancanelli (DT) type
BPS Wilson loops along infinite straight lines and circles in
quiver superconformal Chern-Simons-matter theories,
Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena (ABJM) theory, and orbifold
ABJM theory. Generally we have four classes of Wilson loops, and all of them
preserve the same supersymmetries as the BPS Gaiotto-Yin (GY) type Wilson
loops. There are several free complex parameters in the DT type BPS Wilson
loops, and for two classes of Wilson loops in ABJM theory and
orbifold ABJM theory there are supersymmetry enhancements at special values of
the parameters. We check that the differences of the DT type and GY type Wilson
loops are -exact with being some supercharges preserved by both the DT
type and GY type Wilson loops. The results would be useful to calculate vacuum
expectation values of the DT type Wilson loops in matrix models if they are
still BPS quantum mechanically.Comment: V1, 28 pages; V2,35 pages, published versio
Exact results for Wilson loops in orbifold ABJM theory
We investigate the exact results for circular 1/4 and 1/2 BPS Wilson loops in
the super Chern-Simons-matter theory that could be
obtained by orbifolding Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena (ABJM) theory. The
partition function of the orbifold ABJM theory has been
computed previously in the literature. In this paper, we re-derive it using a
slightly different method. We calculate the vacuum expectation values of the
circular 1/4 BPS Wilson loops in fundamental representation and of circular 1/2
BPS Wilson loops in arbitrary representations. We use both the saddle point
approach and Fermi gas approach. The results for Wilson loops are in accord
with the available gravity results.Comment: V1, 19 pages, 1 figure; V2, 24 pages, 1 figure, general
representations added; V3, 26 pages, no figure, published versio
Novel BPS Wilson loops in three-dimensional quiver Chern-Simons-matter theories
We show that generic three-dimensional quiver super
Chern-Simons-matter theories admit Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS)
Drukker-Trancanelli (DT) type Wilson loops. We investigate both Wilson loops
along timelike infinite straight lines in Minkowski spacetime and circular
Wilson loops in Euclidean space. In Aharnoy-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena theory,
we find that generic BPS DT type Wilson loops preserve the same number of
supersymmetries as Gaiotto-Yin type Wilson loops. There are several free
parameters for generic BPS DT type Wilson loops in the construction, and
supersymmetry enhancement for Wilson loops happens for special values of the
parameters.Comment: V1, 5 pages; V2, 13 pages, circular Wilson loops added, published
versio
M5-branes and Wilson Surfaces
We investigate the M5-brane description of the Wilson surface operators in
six-dimensional (2,0) superconformal field theory from AdS/CFT correspondence.
We consider the Wilson surface operators in high-dimensional representation,
whose description could be M5-brane string soliton solutions in background. We construct such string soliton solutions from the covariant
M5-brane equations of motion and discuss their properties. The supersymmetry
analysis shows that these solutions are half-BPS. We also discuss the subtle
issue on the boundary terms.Comment: 30 pages, Latex; little revision;Typos corrected, references added,
JHEP published versio
Central Speed of Sound, Trace Anomaly and Observables of Neutron Stars from Perturbative Analyses of Scaled TOV Equations
The central speed of sound (SS) measures the stiffness of the Equation of
State (EOS) of superdense neutron star (NS) matter. Its variations with density
and radial coordinate in NSs in conventional analyses often suffer from
uncertainties of the specific nuclear EOSs used. Using the central SS and NS
mass/radius scaling obtained from solving perturbatively the scaled
Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equations, we study the variations of SS,
trace anomaly and several closely related properties of NSs in an EOS-model
independent manner. We find that the SS increases with the reduced central
pressure (scaled
by the central energy density ), and the conformal bound
for SS is violated for NSs with masses higher than about 1.9M. The
ratio is upper bounded as around
the centers of stable NSs. We demonstrate that it is an intrinsic property of
strong-field gravity and is more relevant than the perturbative QCD bound on
it. While a sharp phase transition at high densities characterized by a sudden
vanishing of SS in cores of massive NSs are basically excluded, the probability
for a continuous crossover signaled by a peaked radial profile of SS is found
to be enhanced as decreases, implying it likely happens
near the centers of massive NSs. Moreover, a new and more stringent causality
boundary as for
NS M-R curve is found to be excellently consistent with observational data on
NS masses and radii. Furthermore, new constraints on the ultimate energy
density and pressure allowed in NSs before collapsing into black holes are
obtained and compared with earlier predictions in the literature.Comment: 23 page
Effect of terrains on the volatiles of Cabernet Sauvignon wines grown in Loess Plateau region of China
Volatile compounds of young Cabernet Sauvignon wines from the flat and slope lands grown in Loess Plateau region (China) were investigated in this research. Among the volatile compounds analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), a total of 43 and 45 volatile compounds were identified and quantified in the flat and slope lands wines, respectively. In the volatiles detected, higher alcohols formed the most abundant group in the aroma components of two wines, followed by esters and fatty acids. According to their odor active values (OAVs) and relative odor contribution (ROC), the aromatic profiles for two wines were similar, showing only quantitative but not qualitative differences. Ethyl octanoate, ethyl hexanoate and isoamyl acetate were found to jointly contribute to 98.8 and 99.2% of the global aroma of the flat and slope wines, respectively. These odorants are associated with “fruity’’ and ‘‘ripe fruit’’ odor descriptors. Wine from flat land with higher OAVs of ethyl octanoate and isoamyl acetate seems to have more intense fruity aromas (pineapple, pear and banana), with floral notes.Keywords: Cabernet Sauvignon wines, volatiles, terrains, Loess Plateau region, headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS
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